Positive end-expiratory pressure

Patients have an exaggerated preload dependence. Blood pressure may decrease in response to diuretics, nitroglycerin, morphine, and/or positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)... 

Oxygen/positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP)/intubation as needed... 

PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure QOL Quality of life... 

The animals are intubated via cannulation of the trachea with an 18-gage metal tube and ventilated (Harvard pump ventilator) at a tidal volume of 0.4 mL, frequency 120 breaths/min and positive end-expiratory pressure 2.5-3.0 cm H20. 

YES OXYGEN, positive end-expiratory pressure Drain vesicles—unroof large blisters and irrigate area with... 

In addition to the effects of anesthetic agents themselves, other intraoperative interventions may also influence renal function. The initiation of mechanical ventilation, especially with the application of positive end-expiratory pressure, is associated with decreases in... 

Jarnberg PO,deVillota ED, EkIundJ, Gran berg PO. Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on renal function. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1978 22(5) 508-14. 

PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure RXR retenoic orphan receptor... 

W. A. C. Mutch, S. H. Harm, G. R. Lefevre, M. R. Graham, L. G. Girling, and S. E. Kowalski, Biologically variable ventilation increases arterial oxygenation over that seen with positive end-expiratory pressure alone in a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit. Care Med. 28, 2457-2464 (2000). 

For aerosol inhalation, the complete lack of useful clinical experience leaves one to speculate based on animal studies or human poisoning from comparable chemical agents. The first priorities should be immediate evacuation and decontamination to reduce the risks of further exposure or secondary aerosols for the patient and health care provider, combined with providing adequate ventilation and any necessary airway support. Pulmonary edema likely wiU evolve during the 12-36 h following exposure, and this may be amenable to treatment with antiinflammatory drugs, bronchodilators, oxygen, endotracheal intubation, and, in extreme cases, continuous or mechanical supplemental positive end-expiratory pressure (Franz and Jaax, 1997 Audi et al., 2005). 

PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure positive pressure at the end of exhalation designed to prevent alveoli from collapsing during expiration. 

Removal from exposure and airway support with adequate ventilation are the priorities. Pulmonary oedema should be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or, in severe cases, with mechanical ventilation and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). 

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