Porous polymer networks

In 2003, Ksiqzczak et al. [42] used water TPM for the characterization of nitrocellulose prepared by nitration of natural cellulose. The hydrophobic nature of the membrane made the measurements difficult and only partial conclusions were drawn. Despite this, pore size distributions were measured which showed good consistency and confirmed the value of TPM for such studies. Even more recently, Rohman et al. used water TPM to measure pore size distributions in porous polymers networks [43]. 

Yang et al. [18] synthesized the melamine based porous polymer networks (ii) by the reaction of melamine, terephthaldehyde and DMSO under microwave condition. The polymer finds its application for the removal of aqueous mercury ions. 

Yang G, Han H, Du C et al (2010) Facile synthesis of melamine-based porous polymer networks and their application for removal of aqueous mercury ions. Polymer 51 6193-6202... 

Lu W, ScuHey JP, Yuan D, Krishna R, Wei Z, Zhou H-C (2012) Polyamine-tethered porous polymer networks for carbon dioxide capture from flue gas. Angew Chem Int Ed 51 7480-7484... 

LuW,YuanD, Scufley J, Zhao D, Krishna R, Zhou H-C (2011) Sulfonate-grafted porous polymer networks for preferential CO2 adsorption at low pressure. J Am Chem Soc 133 18126—18129... 

Lu W, Verdegaal WM, Yu J, Balbuena PB, Jeong H-K, Zhou H-C (2013) Building multiple adsorption sites in porous polymer networks for carbon capture applications. Energy Environ Sci 6 3559-3564... 

Yuan D, Lu W, Zhao D, Zhou H (2011) Highly stable porous polymer networks with exceptionally high gas-uptake capacities. Adv Mater 23 3723-3725... 

Lu W, ScuUey JP, Yuan D, Krishna R, Zhou H (2013) Carbon dioxide capture from air using amine-grafted porous polymer networks. J Phys Chem C 117 4057-4061... 

Lu WG, Yuan DQ, Zhao D et al (2010) Porous polymer networks synthesis, porosity, and applications in gas storage/separation. Chem Mater 22 5964-5972... 

More recently, columns have been developed where the stationary phase is formed of a porous polymer network inside the capillary. These are called monolithic phases, and have emerged as an alternative to traditional packed bed columns for use in micro-HPLC. They hold many advantages over traditional packed bed columns, being easy to manufacture since the monolith is formed in situ, often via a one-step reaction process, and its properties such as porosity, surface area, and functionality can be tailored. Another major advantage is that they eliminate the need for retaining frits. These columns can be manufactured from a variety of materials, but the most common include sol-gel, methacrylate-based, acrylamide-based, and styrene-based polymeric structures. 

It is difficult to determine the interpenetration in amorphous porous polymers. Haranczyk et al. set up some non-interpenetration and interpenetration models of porous polymer networks (PPNs) based on the ideal crystalline model with dia topology. They systematically compared the simulated pore diameter, framework density, simulated pore volume, and experimental pore diameter and pore volume of non-interpenetration and interpenetration models of PAF-1 (PPN-6), PPN-4 and other PPNs (PPN-2, PPN-3, PPN-5). The results indicated that for PPN-4, PPN-5 and PPN-6 (PAF-l), the simulated methane adsorption isotherm of the non-interpenetrated structure compared favourably with the experimental data. This strongly supports that the experimental strueture ean be well modeled by the non-interpenetrated dia net. On the eontrary, the experimental data of the pore... 

P. Kuhn, A. 1. Forget, D. Su, A. Thomas and M. Antonietti, From Microporous Regular Frameworks to Mesoporous Materials with Ultrahigh Surface Area Dynamic Reorganization of Porous Polymer Networks,/ Am. Chem. Soc., 2008,130(40), 13333-13337. 

Figure 9.11 Synthetic route to polyamine-tethered porous polymer networks (PPNs).

CO2 as a byproduct during the combustion of fuels in industrial plants and automobiles is a major contributor to global warming. Hence, the selective capture of carbon dioxide requires special attention from the scientific community. The principle sources of CO2 that cause harm to the environment are contaminated natural gas, containing a mixture of methane and CO2 (known as pre-combustion), and exhaust gas generated in industiy or from automobiles (post-combustion). Separate physical conditions are needed for CO2 capture from pre- and post-combustion mixtures, and a variety of porous polymer networks, both soluble and insoluble, have been involved in CO2 capture with consideration of their pore dimensions. " ... 

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