Porous coordination polymers layered polymer

On the macroscopic scale, pillared layer structures are frequently found in ancient buildings, such as the Parthenon in Athens. Even on the microscopic scale, the pillared layer motif is very useful for the construction of various porous frameworks, because simple modification of a pillar module can be used to control porous structures and properties. The Cu11 coordination polymers, [Cu2(pzdc)2(L)] (L = pillar ligand), known as coordination pillared layers (CPLs), have pillared layer structures and are a suitable system for the design of porous functionalities.78 107 108 Two-dimensional... 

When the active centre is surrounded by a layer of solid polymer, further propagation will be controlled by the rate of monomer diffusion through the polymer layer. Usually it will be retarded. With a porous polymer layer surrounding the active centres, monomer transport will be easier. These effects must be considered when highly crystalline polymers are formed, especially when the chains grow from a non-transferring monomer as, for example, with coordination polymerizations [56],... 

Three-dimensional PCPs tend to produce highly porous, robust frameworks because coordination bonds are distributed in a three-dimensional manner in their polymers. Three types of frameworks have been designed, systematically synthesized, and characterized to obtain three-dimensional PCPs (1) a-Po-type frameworks, (2) zeoli-tic frameworks, and (3) pillared layer frameworks. 

Within the alternative approach, the film is considered a porous medium [54, 94,114,119,121,122,127-129,148], Physically, it represents a porous membrane that includes a matrix formed by the conducting polymer and pores filled with an electrolyte. Mathematically, in this approach the film is modeled as a macroscop-ically homogeneous two-phase system consisting of an electronically conducting sohd phase and an ionically conducting electrolyte phase. Considering a planar geometry, each layer perpendicular to the electrode smface contains these two phases, and it can therefore be described at any point by two potentials that depend on the time and the spatial coordinates. 

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