Functionalization of porous

The functions of porous electrodes in fuel cells are 1) to provide a surface site where gas/liquid ionization or de-ionization reactions can take place, 2) to conduct ions away from or into the three-phase interface once they are formed (so an electrode must be made of materials that have good electrical conductance), and 3) to provide a physical barrier that separates the bulk gas phase and the electrolyte. A corollary of Item 1 is that, in order to increase the rates of reactions, the electrode material should be catalytic as well as conductive, porous rather than solid. The catalytic function of electrodes is more important in lower temperature fuel cells and less so in high-temperature fuel cells because ionization reaction rates increase with temperature. It is also a corollary that the porous electrodes must be permeable to both electrolyte and gases, but not such that the media can be easily "flooded" by the electrolyte or "dried" by the gases in a one-sided manner (see latter part of next section). 

Piletsky SA, Matuschewski H, Schedler U, Wilpert A, Piletska EV, Thiele TA, Ulbricht M. Surface functionalization of porous polypropylene membranes with molecularly imprinted polymers by photograft copolymerization in water. Macromolecules 2000 33 3092-3098. 

Buriak, J. M. and Allen, M. J. Lewis acid mediated functionalization of porous silicon with substituted alkenes and alkynes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, 1339 (1998). 

Title Functionalization of Porous Materials by Vacuum Deposition of Polymers... 

Beyond the motivation to fabricate working systems from functionalized porous silicon, there is also more fundamental interest in the reactions of its surfaces. Because the vast surface of nanocrystalline silicon contains a large fraction of the total atoms, the composition and environment of the silicon interface are believed to affect greatly the physical, chemical, and electronic properties of the material. In particular, functionalization of porous silicon with certain organic groups is known to diminish photoluminescence [27] however, the mechanism of quenching has... 

The functions of porous stmctures in medidne are generally associated with tissue ingrowth, healing, and mass transport through the material. Porous materials have seen widespread application in medidne in vascular grafts, tissue anchors, filters, and reconstmctive meshes. 

Stein A, Wang Z, Fierke MA (2009) Functionalization of porous carbon materials with designed pore architecture. Adv Mater 21 265-293... 

Along with experimentally developed functionalization of porous aromatic frameworks, several computational and theoretical methods have been introduced to investigate modified networks to obtain improved properties. Lan et al. have shown the hydrogen adsorption capacity of PAF networks by replacing the C-C bond in the diamond structure with several phenyl rings. Another PAF with lithium tetrazolide linkers has... 

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