Pores, sintering

Kingery WD and Francois B 1965 The sintering of crystaiiine oxides, i. interactions between grains boundaries and pores Sintering and Related Phenomena ed G C Kuczynski, N A Hooton and C F Gibbon (New York Gordon and Breach) pp 471-98... 

Examine the apparatus (Figure E24-1, p. 581). Place a piece of fine filter paper on top of the fine-pore, sintered glass disc to remove the larger particles and keep the sintered glass from plugging. 

A comparison study on the synthesis of mesoporous materials from Triton X-lOO/Na-metasilicate and CTAB/TEOS was performed and their textural and structural parameters were characterized by XRD, N2 adorption and TEM. The CTAB/TEOS solids presented high surface mesopore areas, exceeding 1100 m /g, while the Triton X-lOO/Na-metasilicate presented areas from 1200 up to 1467 m /g. The analysis of the textural data indicated that upon calcination pore sintering occurs in the Triton /Na-metasilicate solids, while it does not occurs in the CTAB/TEOS system. This is probably due to the different packing effective factor of the surfactant molecules. 

The kinetics of surface area changes, mechanisms of defect annealing, pore sintering and the kinetics of morphology changes, in general can be evaluated from DSA results in both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. 

Gels having only uniform micropores sinter completely to theoretical density at relatively low temperature. Malanchuk and Stuart (351) reported that a gel with 10 A pores sintered at unusually low temperature ... 

F.B. Siebers, N. Greulich, W. Kiefer Manufacture, properties and application of open-pore sintered glasses and open-pore sintered glass-ceramics , Glastechn. Ber. 62, 62-73 (1989)... 

Kingery, W.O and Francois, B., The sinterability of crystalline oxides. I. Interactions between grain boundaries and pores. Sintering and Related Phenomena. Kuczynski, G., Hooton, N.A. and Gibbon, C.F. (Eds) p 471, (1967). 

Figure C2.11.7. An illustration of tlie equilibrium dihedral angle, 0, fonned by tlie balance of interfacial energies at a pore-grain boundary intersection during solid-state sintering.

During pressure sintering, interiDarticle compressive stress, approximated by the externally applied stress and nonnalized by the relative density of the compact p, supplements the surface tension driving force for pore shrinkage ... 

Trapped gas in closed pores often limits densification when sintering witlr a liquid or viscous (glass) phase because rapid material transport tlirough tlie liquid often results in pore closure early in tlie sintering process. 

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