Pore saturation

Species Structure type Pore Saturation size, nm H2O pore volume, cmVg Species Structure type Pore Saturation size, nm H2O pore volume, cmVg ... 

Figure 4.5 Explosive molecule distribution in soil at 50% pore saturation, 23°C, Kj 4.

Figure 4.9 Partitioning of explosive molecules in soil at 15% pore Saturation, 23°C, Kd = 0.9.

Figure 4.3 Liquid distribution in a powder leading to varying degree of pore saturation (DPS).

The DPS is a measure of the pore saturation and is defined as the ratio of volume of the suspending liquid to pore volume (see Figure 4.3). The mechanical compressibility of a collection of particulates, X, is defined as (AV/Vq)/AP, where AV is the volume change resulting from an incremental pressure change AP, and Vq is the initial volume. As more liquid is added to the particles, the mixture becomes essentially incompressible, and X approaches zero. 

Heat pipe thermal resistanee (and the heat transfer eoeffieient in the evaporator and eondenser zones) was found using the data of the vapour temperature in the adiabatie zone and the mean temperature in the evaporator and in the eondenser. The heat transfer eoeffieients in the evaporator and eondenser of the flat mHPs depend on two- dimensional hydraulie (pore saturation, eapillary permeability, eapillary pressure) and thermal (temperature distribution along the heat pipe envelope) parameters of deviee. The temperature in the middle of the heated side (heat load input) of the evaporator ean exeeed the symmetrie point temperature on the opposite (non-heated) surfaee of the envelope by nearly 10 °C. 

For nondeformable systems, random exponential growth is expected for sufficient saturation (Fig. 21-121). However, for lower levels of saturation, a delay with little or no growth may be observed. This delay, or induction time, is related to the time required to work moisture to the surface to promote growth, and in some cases, the growth can be rapid and unstable, which also occurs in all cases of high moisture. Pore saturation may be calculated by... 

The spontaneous snap-off processes require two scenarios to be considered—prior to and after slit filling—for calculation of pore saturation and liquid-vapor interfacial area. Following pore snap-off the pore is completely saturated and the liquid-vapor interface is zero. Expressions for calculating saturation, 2>w( x), defined as liquid area per pore cross-sectional area (these are translated to their respective volumes for three-dimensional pores) for all regular polygon-shaped central pores are given as ... 

The onset of primary migration or the oil expulsion threshold is computed taking into account changes in porosity and rock density with depth and time. The critical determination is the threshold porosity Expulsion of liquid hydrocarbons from the source is assumed to commence when the pores become 20% saturated that is, when Pih = 20%. The threshold values for pore saturation are poorly defined and can range from 10 to 60%, depending on the organic matter type (Tissot et al. 1987 Espitalid et al. 1988 Ungerer 1990). 

Expulsion fi-omthe source is assumed to commence when 20% of the free pore space is saturated with liquid hydrocarbons. For the most organic-rich Gothlandian source shales (TOC = 11.8%), 20% pore saturation was achieved at the beginning of the Coniacian (about 88 Ma Fig. 6.14), when the hydrocarbon generation was as high as about 35 mg HC / g TOC and source rock temperatures reached 90-100 °C. The expulsion threshold for shales having TOC = 14.4% was attained 3 Ma earlier. 

The motion of water is influenced by the water pressure, which is induced by the capillary or osmotic suction resulting from evaporation in porous media. The water flows iu the relatively larger pores saturated with water rather than by diffusion process. In such a case, the pressure diffusion term dominates the mass-transfer rate in Equation 35.6. The Soret effect described by the tanperature diffusion term is generally considered small compared with other terms. Then Equation 35.6 can be simpUlied as... 

Pore saturation. The more saturated the system is with binder, easier it is for binder to be forced onto the surface during a collision and assist in the coalescence of the particles. If a porous powder is used then the binder can be absorbed into the powder and not be on the surface to affect the agglomeration. 

The danger of water freezing is related to pore saturation, which also varies in time in real conditions of outdoor structures. In completely saturated pores, freezing produces high tensile stress, while for the pores that are partly filled or empty this stress may reach negligible values (cf. Figure 11. 32). 

Figure 11 Static yield strength of wet agglomerates vs. pore saturation. (See Section 3.5 for...

Stokes deformation number St f and the maximum pore saturation Sj, are defined as... 

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