Pore-forming agents

Corbin SF and Qiao X. Development of solid oxide fuel cell anodes using metal-coated pore-forming agents. J Am Ceram Soc 2003 86 401-406. 

The mechanical stability and morphology of the resulting membrane depended on the polymeric matrix and the presence of additives such as plasticisers or pore forming agents, e.g. PEG, as well as on the MIP particle size and concentration (Fig. 19) [258, 261, 262],... 

Meier, M. M., Kanis, L. A., and Soldi, V. (2004), Characterization and drug-permeation profiles of microporous and dense cellulose acetate membranes Influence of plasticizer and pore forming agent, Int. J. Pharm., 278, 99-110. 

Xie et al. [42] prepared rigid porous polyacrylamide-co-butylmethacrylate-co-V,V -methylene-bis-acrylamide monolithic columns with controlled hydrophobicity for chromatographic separation of proteins. They also prepared porous hydrophilic polyacrylamide-co-V,7/-methylene-bis-acrylamide monohthic rods using alcohols with different carbon chain lengths (from methanol to decanol) as pore-forming agents [125],... 

Water-soluble molecules are often incorporated into sustained release film coats as pore forming agents to increase coat permeability. Pore forming agents thus provide a simple and precise means of controlling drug release rates through an insoluble film. Water-soluble... 

Cordierite-bonded porous SiC ceramics were fabricated in air by an in situ reaction technique from a-SiC, a-ALO] and MgO, using C as pore-forming agent. During sintering, the surface of SiC was... 

Also, in the study of Peng et al. [369], the mesoporous titanium dioxide nanosized powder was synthesized using hydrothermal process by applying cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant-directing and pore-forming agent. They synthesized and applied this nanoparticle for the oxidation of Rhodamine B (see Table 6). 

Experimental process optimization by selecting the best CIP pressure, anode sintering temperature, and pore-forming agent content has enabled to fabricate prototypes of two-layered (anode/electrolyte) and three-layered (anode/electrolyte/cathode) membranes, see Fig. 2. 

Chaplits prepared similar products in an extruder [8]. The main difference was that he extruded copolymers consisting of cross-linked polystyrene with a thermoplastic polymer. As a pore-forming agent water was used in the extrusion process. Acid sites are created by sulfonation of the cut extrudates. As an application, bbutanol production from water and isobutylene was suggested. 

Bareis et al. and Eiceman impregnated porous powders with polymers and sul-fonated them to get an acidic ion-exchange catalyst [14,15]. The powders were used in chromatographic applications. The resins were non-porous, so pore-forming agents were not used. 

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