Risk assessment population density

The primary motivation of PSAs is to assess the risk of the plant to the public. The immediate purpose of the RSS was to support the Price-Anderson hearings on liability insurance (i.e., assess the financial exposure of a nuclear power reactor operator) a purpose which, even today, is beyond PSA technology. However, PSA is sufficiently precise to provide relative risk comparisons of reactor designs and sites. These uses of PSA were presented at the Indian Point hearings, and in defense of Shoreham. The PSAs for the high-population-zone plants (Limerick, Zion, and Indian Point) were prepared to show that specific features of these plants compensate for the higher population density relative to plants studied in the RSS. 

The purpose of this analysis was to assess the risk of operating Limerick Station, specifically with regard to its location near a high population density area. These risks were evaluated to determine whether they represent a disproportionately high segment of the total societal risk from postulated nuclear reactor incidents. 

Quantitative risk assessment (QRA) The systematic development of numerical estimates of the expected frequency and consequence of potential accidents associated with a facility or an operation. Using consequence and probability analyses and other factors such as population density and expected weather conditions, QRA estimates the fatality rate for a given set of events. 

Any ecological risk assessment at the landscape level has to start with the question, What has to be protected This protection aim preferably needs to include a spatial component (e.g., protecting the aquatic biodiversity from pesticide stress in watercourses neighboring agricultural fields). It may also include a temporal component for example, consider only effects on the densities of aquatic populations to be acceptable in drainage ditches neighboring agricultural fields that show full recovery within a certain time period (e.g., 8 weeks) but do not allow these effects in main watercourses connected to these ditches (see Section 1.3.1 in Chapter 1 for a discussion on this topic). 

Monitoring Geographical information systems Population density Exposure models Risk assessment... 

Assume that a quantified risk assessment has predicted a probability of 20% that failure, involving overpressure, will lead to subsequent pipe rupture and ignition. Furthermore it is predicted that, due to the high population density, fatality is 50% likely. 

Exposure to Bt com pollen depends on 1) the phenological overlap between monarch populations and com anthesis, 2) the spatial overlap between milkweeds used by monarchs and cornfields, and 3) the pollen densities encountered on leaves of milkweed plants in and near cornfield. Pollen from com plants within a particular field is shed over a period of 7-15 days during the season, le larvae develop over a more prolonged period. Potential for exposure of susceptible stages of monarch larvae to com pollen depends on synchrony of their development with pollen shed of com plants. Locations in Iowa, Maryland, Minnesota/Wisconsin and Ontario were monitored for phenological development of monarch populations and anthesis (4). Overlap of the more susceptible stages of monarchs, primarily l" and 2" instars, with pollen shed was considered for purposes of risk assessment. 

Knowledge of the distribution and density of people is necessary to assess the impact of radiant heat and smoke from fires. This allows an estimate to be made of the risk to which the population in and around the facility may be exposed. Extensive population data is necessary where an estimate of societal risk is required. Where only an estimate of individual risk is desired, extensive population data may not be required. However, it is still necessary to determine the location of the people whose individual risk is being estimated. 

Assessment of risks along vulnerable zones prone to disasters (Carcedo 2001) is yet another chapter in mitigation which involves collection of proper demographic data of human-cattle population and their distribution pattern and density. Status of infrastructures condition of roads/bridges within the city and suburbs and the status of arterial roads are to be properly brought out and the data stored properly for use at the time of emergency (AUSGEO News 2008 Brown 1996 Laframboise 2012). 

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