Polyvinylidene chloride, 812 table

Most brands of sandwich bags are made of polyethylene terephthalate, and most brands of food wrap are made of polyvinylidene chloride. Look carefully at tbe chemical composition of these polymers, shown in Table 12.5. Which contains larger atoms Which might be involved in stronger dipole-induced dipole interactions with water Need help with these questions Refer back to Sections 6.7 and 7.1. 

Table 18. Classification of CHS and CClt Modes in Polyvinylidene Chloride...

In addition to polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the chlorine-containing polymers and different copolymers of vinyl chloride are polyvinylidene chloride, chloro-rubber, rubber hydrochloride, chlorinated polyolefins, polychloro-prene, and polytrifluorochloroethylene. In addition to detecting chlorine with the Beilstein test (see Chapter 4), these polymers can be identified by using the color reaction with pyridine (see Table 6.2). 

Saran is resistant to oxidants, mineral acids, and solvents. In applications such as plating solutions, chlorides and certain other chemicals, polyvinylidene chloride is superior to pol)rpropylene and finds many applications in the handling of municipal water supplies and waste waters. Saran is also resistant to weathering and UV degradation. Refer to Table 2.33 for the compatibility of PVDC with selected corrodents. Reference [1] provides a more comprehensive listing. 

More recently, calculation of the LCST for polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene was undertaken using a theoretical method of atom connectivities for polymer and solvent (Liu and Zhong, 2005) (see Table 1.1.1). Some solvents of choice were water, butane, acetone, toluene, cyclopentane, t-butanol and methyl ethyl ketone, and THF The LCST values for polyethylene, polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), and polychlorotrifluoroethylene with the solvents are the same, because of the structure connectivity rules. 

Saran is the trademark of Dow Chemical for their proprietary polyvinylidene chloride resin. It has a maximum allowable operating temperature of 175°F/81°C. It is used to line piping as well as vessels. Refer to Table 3.13 for the physical and mechanical properties of Saran. 

Table 3.13 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polyvinylidene Chloride...

Table 3.14 Compatibility of Polyvinylidene Chloride (Saran) with Selected Corrodents ...

The mechanical properties of protein-based materials are substantially lower than those of standard synthetic materials, such as polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or polyester (Table 11.11). The mechanical properties of protein-based materials were measured and modelled as a function of film characteristics [74, 131, 132]. For stronger materials (e.g., based on wheat gluten, corn gluten and myofibrillar proteins, critical deformation (DC) = 0.7 mm) and elastic modulus (K = 510 N/m) values are slightly lower than those of reference materials such as LDPE (DC = 2.3 mm, K = 135 N/m), cellulose (DC = 3.3 mm, K = 350 N/m) or even PVC films. The mechanical properties of corn gluten-based material are close to those of PVC. 

The carbons used, for these two studies, were prepared from polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) by carbonizing to 850 °C in nitrogen and activating in carbon dioxide at 850 °C to 24, 41, 70 and 85wt% bum-off. A commercial charcoal (Sutcliffe Speakman Co. Limited, No, 112 (UVD/20) prepared for adsorption from the liquid phase) was also used. Characterizations were made by adsorptions of nitrogen at 77 K and of carbon dioxide at 273 and 195 K, using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equations of adsorption. The saturation vapor pressures of CO2 at 273 and 195 K are taken as 3.44 and 0.186 MPa, respectively. The carbons are described in Table 8.1. Thus, a... 

Products obtained by pyrolysis of other polymers is reviewed in Table 4.5. Some specific applications of the chromatography-MS technique to various types of polymers include the following PE [34,35], poly(l-octene) [29], poly(l-decene) [29], poly(l-dodecene) [29], CPE [36], polyolefins [37, 38], acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymers [39, 40], polyacrylate [41], nitrile rubber [42], natural rubbers [43, 44], chlorinated natural rubber [45, 46], polychloroprene [47], PVC [48-50], polysilicones [51, 52, 53], polycarbonates [54], styrene-isoprene copolymers [55], substituted olystyrene [56], PP carbonate [57], ethylene-vinyl acetate [58], Nylon 66 [59], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane-a-methyl styrene copolymers [60], cresol-novolac epoxy resins [61], polymeric flame retardants [62], poly(4-N-alkyl styrenes) [63], polyvinyl pyrrolidone [64], polybutyl-cyanoacrylate [65], polysulfides [66], poly(diethyl-2-methacryl-oxy) ethyl phosphate [67, 68], polyetherimide [69], bisphenol-A [70], polybutadiene [71], polyacenaphthalene [72], poly(l-lactide) [73], polyesterimide [74], polyphenylene triazine [75], poly-4-N-vinyl pyridine [76], diglycidylether-bisphenol-A epoxy resins [77], polyvinylidene chloride [78] and poly-p-chloromethyl styrene [79]. 

PVC = polyvinyl chloride, PVDF = polyvinylidene fluoride, PPS = polyphenylene sulfide, ENR = epoxy novolac resin. d The lower the preparation temperatures, the higher the reversible and irreversible capacities (within the limits specified in the table). e The reversible capacity depends on the cycle number, cutoff voltage, and other experimental parameters. Maximal reversible capacity around 650 mAh/gr could be obtained. 

Various polymers have been successfully electrospun from solution, sol-gel suspension, or melt into ultrafine nanotibers. For example, as listed in Table 13.2, these polymers included nylon-6 [20, 21], polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [22, 23], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [24], polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [25], polystyrene (PS) [26, 27], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [28, 29], polyethersulfone (PES) [30], polyimides (PI) [31, 32], polyethylene oxide (PEO) [33], polyurethanes (PU) [34], polycarbonates (PC) [35], polycaprolactone (PCL) [36], polybenzimidazole (PBI) [37, 38], polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) [39], polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) [40], polyvinyl chloride (PVC) [41], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [42], hydrox-ypropyl cellulose (HPC) [43], polyglycolic acid (PGA) [44], polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) [45], cellulose acetate (CA) [46,47] and many more. To be used as filtration membranes, nanoflbers made of water-soluble polymers have to be further cross-linked after the electrospinning process. As polymers having different physical and... 

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