Polyvinyl chloride plastic alloy

Specific family or group of plastics (polyethylene, polyvinyl chlorides, etc.) are compounded or alloyed to provide different properties and/or processing behaviors. Thus a plastic listed in Fig. 5-6 could have different heat resistance properties. 

Cd and its compounds find applications in several industrial materials electrode materials in Ni-Cd batteries (about 70% of total produced Cd), pigments in ceramics, glasses, paper, plastics, artists colors (13%), stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride and related polymers (7%), coatings on steel, aluminium, and other nonferrous metals (8%), and specialized alloys (see Alloys) and others (2%). 

Kydex [Rohm Haas]. TM for a thermo-formed acrylic polyvinyl chloride alloy plastic sheet. 

Pipe and tubing are made from many materials, including metals and alloys, wood, ceramics, glass, and various plastics. Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, pipe is extensively used for water lines. In process plants the most common material is low-carbon steel, fabricated into what is sometimes called black-iron pipe, Wrought-iron and cast-iron pipes are also used for a number of special purposes. 

Cadmium is used in a number of industrial processes, but for most of its uses there are alternatives of lower toxicity. The principal applications of cadmium fall into five categories protective plating on steel, stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride, pigments in plastics and glasses, electrode material in nickel-cadmium batteries, and as a component of various alloys. 

While any plastic material, irrespective of its chemical composition and character, may be made into pipe or tubing, by far the greatest amount of pipe is made from thermoplastics (TPs) that are adaptable to extrusion processes (Chapter 5). Specialty pipe is made in small amounts from TS materials such as phenolic and polyester, but very large of commercial pipe is made from polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene copolymers, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene types of alloys. Specialty tubing in relatively small amounts is made of acrylates and acrylate copolymers, as well as other transparent materials (Chapter 3). 

One very important chemical activity is the synthesis of new substances. Nylon, the artificial sweetener aspartame (Nutra-Sweet ), Kevlar used in bulletproof vests and the body parts of exotic cars, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for plastic water pipes. Teflon, Nitinol (the alloy that remembers its shape even after being severely distorted), and so many other materials that make our lives easier—all originated in some chemist s laboratory. Some of the new materials have truly amazing properties such as the plastic that listens and talks, described in the Chemistry in Focus on page 213. When a chemist makes a new substance, the first order of business is to identify it. What is its composition What is its chemical formula ... 

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