Polyvinyl chloride crystal structure

Polyvinyl fluoride. Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) is a crystalline polymer available in film form and used as a lamination on plywood and other panels. The film is impermeable to many gases. PVF is structurally similar to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) except for the replacement of a chlorine atom with a fluorine atom. PVF exhibits low moisture absorption, good weatherability, and good thermal stability. Similar to PVC, PVF may give off hydrogen halides in the form of HF at elevated temperatures. However, PVF has a greater tendency to crystallize and better heat resistance than PVC. ... 

The synthesis of Pt metal nanowires and nanotubes electrochemically deposited through nanoporous membranes was reported by Ichikawa (2000). Palladium deposits with high specific surface areas, up to 50 m g", have been synthesized by Tsirlina et al. (2002) from palladium chloride solutions with additions of polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Details of the globular structine of the deposits depend on the polymer additives. A comparison with electrochemically determined true surface areas demonstrates the coalescence of nanoparticles. Wang et al. (2003) electrochemically synthesized thin films composed of ordered arrays of palladium nanowires using silica mesoporous channels. Mesoporous channels were deposited on a conductive glass substrate. In this method, nanowires with face-centered cubic crystal structure are continuously deposited from the conductive substrate upward until the mesoporous channels are filled. 

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