Polyvinyl chloride cast film

Polyvinyl chloride (PVQ films impregnated with 20wt% of FeCls are cast on a platinum foil (1 cm ) from a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution containing PVC M 70000) and FeCls in appropriate proportions. PVC/ PPy blends with thicknesses of 20 and 100 pm are obtained by exposure of... 

Industrial or synthetic polymers find extensive use in modern day society. They are many in number, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polyamides (Nylon), polyethylene teraphthalate (PET), polystyrene and polyolefins, to name but a few. Polymers are without exception very complex compounds, capable of manifesting themselves in many shapes and forms. They can exist as viscous liquids, powders, coloured granules, cast or extruded sheet, transparent or translucent film, formulated (in some cases in excess of ten different additives may be added) or unformulated. Hence they can present a very daunting task to the analyst or polymer chemist wishing to fully characterise such materials. 

In this regard, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a hydrolysis product of polyvinyl acetate, is well suited for blending with natural polymers since it is highly polar and water-soluble synthetic polymer which is also biodegra ble. PVA and starch films have been prepared for use as agricultural mulch films and as water-soluble laundry bags. Cast films made firom PVA and cellulose, prepared in N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride, exhibited good miscibility due to their mutual ability to form infra-... 

Polyvinyl Chloride films (0.055 mm thick) were laboratory cast onto glass plates from solutions of polyvinyl chloride (Geon lOl.EP) in cyclohexanone. 

One of the main uses for extrusion is the manufacture of pipe and tubing. Common materials for pipe include polyethylene, rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and cellulose acetate (CA). Tubing is commonly made from polyethylene, flexible PVC, ABS, and nylon. Production of film is another very large application for extruders. Two methods of making film are in use. One method is known as the blown film extrusion technique, and the other produces what is called cast film extrusion (the extraded film is cast onto a chilled roller). 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was first observed as long ago as 1838 by Regnault [7] and first patented in 1912 when Klatte used sunlight to initiate the photo polymerisation of vinyl chloride (VC). In 1926, Ostromislensky patented flexible film cast from a solution containing the polymer and a plasticiser. The phthalate plasticisers were introduced in 1920 and 1922. The first patent on a mouldable plasticised PVC (PVC-P) was granted to BFGoodrich in 1932. Later on the Carbide Company patented copolymers of VC with vinyl acetate (VAc) that are still in use today [1]. 

Easily available commercial polymers which show promising solubilities are polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene. Nylon 6T (polyterphthalamide), polyethyleneoxide and polyisoprene. Some low molecular weight casting resins were examined. The polymer resins Acyloid B72 and B66, polyester PE 20 were soluble in tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide but suitable films could be cast from THF. A coating powder was also tested (nylon 11) but was found to be insoluble in all solvents. Solvent mixtures (TFA/DMF, TFA/CHCl and others were tried. 

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