Polysaccharides specificity

The widely commercially exploited guar GaM has been the subject of some studies dealing with chemical or enzymic modifications aimed to extend the apphcation range of this polysaccharide. Specific oxidation on the C-6 position of the Galp side chain units was performed by /1-galactosidase [241,430]. 

Polysaccharide-Specific Isoperoxidases as an Important Component of the Plant Defence System... 

In some cases, the anionic POs adsorbed on chitin have similar antigenic determinants, but the plants belonging to different families - and even members of the same family - could have polysaccharide-specific POs with different structures. Thus, the majority of investigated species had anionic chitin-specific peroxidises, and these isoforms from potato Solcmaceae) and horseradish Brassicaceae) formed lines of precipitation with antibodies to wheat chitin-bound PO but not to anionic isoPO (Maksimov et al., 2000). However, protein extracts from several plants of Brassicaceae, Cucurhitaceae and Fahaceae formed precipitate with both the chitin-specific and anionic PO of wheat (Fig. 3). It was foimd that the greatest homology showed in plants and formed precipitation lines with the anionic PO of wheat (Tab. 2). 

While the stomach acid in humans and most animals can degrade polysaccharides to the energy-giving monomeric units, this is not efficient unless a specific enzyme, which is normally present in the gut, allows the ready and rapid degradation of polysaccharide. Since these enzymes are somewhat specific, their ability to degrade is polysaccharide-specific. 

V Shibaev Biosynthesis of salmonella O-antigenic polysaccharide specificity of glycosyl transferases... 

The Pneumococcal Polysaccharides. Specific polysaccharides from Types I, II and III Pneumococcus, which had been obtained in relatively undegraded forms, have been examined by Stacey and Record.109 In contrast to the results of Tennent and Watson, both the sedimentation and the diffusion constants were found to be very dependent on the concentration. The polysaccharides were polydisperse, with molecular weights in the range (10)B—(10) and they possessed an elongated form in solution (Table XV). 

Because the classical pathway has a requirement for polysaccharide-specific antibody, and because the process of producing this antibody takes a few days, the host is compromised during the initial, acute stages of bacterial infection, and is liable to die, or to acquire serious morbidity effects. Thus, the rationale behind vaccination with capsular polysaccharides is to maintain a long-lasting, effective level of polysaccharide-specific antibody in the host. 

Avery and Goebel applied this concept to cellobiouronic acid [70], and also to the Sp serotype 3 CPS. Both conjugates to horse semm globuhn were able to induce polysaccharide specific antibodies and remarkably they conferred immunity to challenge by live Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. 

Group Specific Media Glycoproteins or polysaccharides Specificity branched mannoses, carbohydrates withterminal mannose or glucose(a Man> a Glc> GIcNAc) HiTrap Con A 17-5105-01 5 x 1 ml transferrin 4 mg/ml... 

Enzymatic cleaners contain enzymes derived from animals, plants, or microorganisms. Plant and microorganism-derived enzymes may cause sensitization in many lens wearers (391). A list of commonly used enzymes is provided in Table 10. AU these enzymes are effective in removing deposits from the contact lens surface (392). They are biochemical catalysts that are specific for catalyzing certain chemical reactions. Those that aid in removing debris from contact lenses are protease (protein-specific enzyme), lipase (lipid-specific enzyme), and amylase (polysaccharide-specific enzyme). Such enzymes catalyze breakdown of substrate molecules— protein, lipid, and mudn— into smaller molecular units. This process yields fragments that are readily removed by mechanical force and rinsing. 

Montaraz JA, Winter AJ, Hunter DM, Sowa BA, Wu AM, Adams LG. Protection against Brucella abortus in mice with O-polysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun. 1986 51 (3) 961 -963. 

---