Polysaccharides marine algae

It is of interest to note that the crystalline barium heparinate, which is an acid salt, tends to lose its anticoagulant powers very readily and that the authors consider that sulfur content gives no indication of heparin activity.93 Some polysaccharide sulfuric esters from marine algae possess anticoagulant activity. 

Figure 22.11. Cellulose is a structural and rather chemically inert component of terrestrial plants. Alginic acid is synthesized by marine algae and has medicinal properties. Some polysaccharides contain nitrogen in the form of amino sugars. The primary example of this is chitin, which composes the exoskeletons of Crustacea. An amino sugar contains an amine in place of a hydroxyl group. In other polysaccharides, sugars combine with lipids and proteins. These form glycoUpids and glycoproteins, respectively.

M Nagaoka, H Shibata, I Kimura-Takagi, S Hashimoto, R Aiyama, S Ueyama, T Yokokura. Anti-ulcer effects and biological activities of polysaccharides from marine algae. Biofactors 12 264—274, 2000. 

Agar-Agar( apanese Gelatin). A yel white mucilaginous substance (hydrophilic polysaccharide) extracted from some marine algae or sea weeds. It is in sol in cold water but sol in hot w, after previous slow swelling (Ref 2). Its aq soln (hydrosol) cannot be easily coagulated by salts (Ref 3)... 

Kloareg, B. and Quatrano, R.S., Structure of the cell walls of marine algae and ecophysiological functions of the matrix polysaccharides, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 26, 259, 1988. 

Y. Yoshizawa, A. Ametani, J. Tsunehiro, K. Nomura, M. Itoh, F. Fukui, and S. Kaminogawa, Macrophage stimulation activity of the polysaccharide fraction from a marine algae (Porphyra yezoensis) Structure-function relationships and improved solubility, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59 (1995) 1933-1937. 

M. Shanmugam and K. H. Mody, Heparinoid-active sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae as potential blood anticoagulant agents, Curr. Sci., 79 (2000) 1672-1683. 

The other noticeable product of this era was a steady stream of publications, mainly to the Journal of the Chemical Society, but also to the Biochemical Journal, to Chemistry and Industry, and later, to Carbohydrate Research. The atmosphere of this period is conveyed in several review lectures given by Hirst for example, the fourteenth Pedler lecture to the Chemical Society (1955) on Some Problems in the Chemistry of the Hemicelluloses, the Presidential Addresses to the Chemical Society (1957 and 1958) on Some Aspects ofthe Chemistry of the Fructosans and Polysaccharides of the Marine Algae, respectively, on Plant Gums, at the IVth International Congress of Biochemistry, Vienna (1958), and the Bakerian Lecture to the Royal Society (1959) on Molecular Structure in the Polysaccharide Group. These lectures were delivered with a quiet authority, and the published manuscripts show meticulous attention to detail. 

A second major interest during the Edinburgh period was the nature of the reserve and structural polysaccharides of the marine algae. This work paralleled the establishment of the Institute of Seaweed Research at Musselburgh, near Edinburgh. Hirst was a member of the Board of Governors, and Chairman of the Research Committee. A full exchange... 

Polysaccharides of the Marine Algae (Presidential Address), E. L. Hirst, Proc. C hem. Soc. London, 177 (July, 1958). 

Boisson-Vidal C, Haroun F, Ellouali M, et al. Biological activities of polysaccharides from marine algae. Drugs Future 1995 20(Dec) 1247-1249. 

Brown and coworkers have provided further morphological evidence for the role of the Golgi apparatus in the production of cell-wall polysaccharides. The cell wall of a Chrysophyta marine alga, Pleurochrysis scherffelii, is composed of distinct, scale-like fragments embedded in a gelatinous mass. Manton and coworkers have shown... 

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