Polysaccharides inulin

The marker remains in the plasma without binding to proteins, and the filtrate is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the renal tubule. Clearance rate of the marker from plasma equals the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The polysaccharide, inulin, typifies this class of markers. 

Topinambur tubers Helianthus tvberoms, L.), which contain the D-fructose polysaccharide inulin, can undergo a mannitol fermentation through microorganisms which adhere to the nodules. Similar observations have been made with clamped beets (that is, beets which have been conserved by covering with earth), the sucrose of which can become inverted and partially reduced to D-mannitol. ... 

The polysaccharide inulin is an energy-storage substance found in the tubers of a number of plants. 

The unique chemical composition of Jerusalem artichoke (topinambour) makes it valuable food for diabetics and gourmets, as feed stuff, e.g., for piglet breeding, and as a medicinal plant. The content of the polysaccharide inulin reaches up to... 

D-Pructose, fruit sugar, or Icevulose, accompanies glucose in fruits, flowers, and their product, honey. It is obtained also from the hydrolysis of fructosides, the chief of which is sucrose, and from the polysaccharide, inulin. It crystallises with difficulty in fine, colourless needles, m.p. 110° C. Fructose differs from the other three fermentable hexoses in being a keto-sugar, or ketose, and in being tovo-rotatory, [a]j, = — 92 0°. It is much sweeter and more reactive than glucose. 

Inulin. This polysaccharide melts with decomposition at about 178°. It is insoluble in cold but dissolves readily in hot water giving a clear solution which tends to remain supersaturated. It does not reduce Fehling s solution. Inulin gives no colouration with iodine solution. 

Di-D-fructose dianhydrides have also been isolated" from commercial chicory, which is used as an additive for coffee or in coffee substitutes. Chicory is obtained by roasting the roots of chicory (Cichorium sp.), a member of the Compositae, which contains inulin (in its roots) as a storage polysaccharide. 

Two extracellular D-fructans, (2- 6)-linked S-D-fructofuranan or levan and the less common corresponding (2 l)-linked polysaccharide, of the inulin type, are elaborated by different bacteria. These polysaccharides are formed from sucrose by the action of sucrose fructosyltransferases. Terminal )S-D-fructofuranosyl groups are present in some bacterial heteropolysacchar-... 

A substance that fulfills these criteria is inulin, a polysaccharide found in plants. Inulin is administered intravenously to a patient at a rate that results in a constant plasma concentration over the course of at least 1 h. The urine is collected and its volume and concentration of inulin are measured. 

It is not proposed to include the better known polysaccharides or the plant gums in the group because they can be conveniently classified separately. It must be pointed out, however, that some of these may occur naturally in firm combination with protein as instanced by the shock effect observed when solutions of crude inulin are injected into animals and by the reported isolation of desmoglycogen4 and glycogen combined with myosin.6... 

As an example he referred to "psuedo-high molecular weight" inorganic complexes. In a similar fashion, Pringsheim discussed the nature of inulin and other polysaccharides. Bergmann and Pringsheim cited the work of P. Karrer, K. Hess, and R. Pummerer and referred to primary and secondary bonding as proposed by Werner. 

Polysaccharides (e.g., dextran, inulin, hyaluronic acid, modified starch) [255-259] ... 

Phosphoric acid esters of the ketopentose D-ribulose (2) are intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway (see p.l52) and in photosynthesis (see p.l28). The most widely distributed of the ketohexoses is D-fructose. In free form, it is present in fruit juices and in honey. Bound fructose is found in sucrose (B) and plant polysaccharides (e.g., inulin). 

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