Polysaccharides carboxymethyl cellulose

Ozturk DC, Kazan D, Erarslan A (2002) Stabilization and flmctional properties of Escherichia coli peniciUinG acylase by covalent conjugation of anionic polysaccharide carboxymethyl cellulose. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 18 881-888... 

Biodegradable drilling fluid formulations have been suggested. These are formulations of a polysaccharide in a concentration insufficient to permit a contaminating bacterial proliferation, namely a high-viscosity carboxymethyl-cellulose sensitive to bacterial enzymes produced by the degradation of the polysaccharide [1419]. 

Several anionic carbohydrate polymers (e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose, xanthomonas campestris polysaccharide, cellulose sulfate ester, etc.) do not adsorb from fresh water solutions, but their adsorption in saline solutions plays an... 

In describing and interpreting some of the more important properties of plant galactomannans, comparisons will be made with structurally similar polysaccharides, including the closely related glucomannans and galactoglucomannans, and those based on (1 — 4)-/3-D-xylan main-chains (for example, the arabinoxylans) and (1 — 4)-/3-D-glucan main-chains [for example, the amyloids and sodium 0-(carboxymethyl)cellulose]. 

The interaction with polysaccharides closely related structurally to galactomannans has been studied less for Xanthomonas polysaccharide than for agar. No interaction is observed between Xanthomonas polysaccharide and sodium O-(carboxymethyl)-cellulose (degree of substitution 0.7), probably because of electrostatic repulsion between the two negatively charged polysaccharides.178 Xanthomonas polysaccharide can, however, interact with polysaccharides based on /3-l>(l — 4)-linked D-glucan backbones, as... 

Milk fat and milk solids-not-fat (MSNF) are most commonly obtained from cream and condensed skim milk, but may also be obtained from a combination of fluid milk, condensed whole milk, frozen cream, frozen condensed milk, nonfat dry milk, dry whole milk, and butter. Sweeteners used in the mix normally include a combination of liquid or dry sucrose, corn sweetener, high-fructose corn sweetener, and corn syrup solids. Ice cream stabilizers are formulated to contain one or more polysaccharide hydrocolloids, e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose, locust bean gum, carageenin, alginate, and other gums. Ice cream emulsifiers normally contain monoglycerides and diglycerides of palmitic and stearic... 

Rogovin, Z. A., and U. Zhun-Zhui Structure and properties of cellulose and its esters. LXXXV. Synthesis of new derivatives of cellulose and other polysaccharides. IV. Synthesis of graft copolymers of carboxymethyl cellulose and caprolactam. Vysokomolekulyarnye Soedineniya 1, 1630 (1959). 

FINE GUM HES GLIKOCEL TA KMTS 212 LOVOSA LUCEL (polysaccharide) MAJOLPLX MODOCOLL 1200 NACM-CELLULOSE SALT NYMCEL S POLYFIBRON 120 SANLOSE SN 20A SARCELL TEL S 75M SODIUM CELLULOSE GLYCOLATE SODIUM CMC SODIUM CM-CELLULOSE SODIUM SALT of CARBOXYMETHYL-CELLULOSE TYLOSE 666 UNISOL RH... 

We chose the acidic polymer as the interior member of the capsule forming pair due to the expected compatibility with cells of acidic polysaccharides such as alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose. For this reason, droplet viscosity and, therefore, stability was improved by synthesizing the acidic polymers as higher molecular weight analogues of the corresponding polybases. 

As already noted (see p. 327), some experimental evidence has been educed for parallel orientation of the microfibrils in crossed layers under the influence of 0-(carboxymethyl)cellulose. It has been proposed that microfibrils in the plant cell-walls are oriented in the same way under the influence of charged polysaccharides (such as pectins) found in the middle lamella and the primary wall (see p. 348). 

As already indicated, the number of polysaccharide derivatives reported is enormous, and indeed, many papers have been published on particular types, for example, O-(carboxymethyl) cellulose, and enzyme derivatives of polysaccharides. On such derivatives alone, reviews have been, or could be, written the present article must, therefore, of necessity be a condensed form restricted to the principal findings. Where reviews on particular derivatives have been published, this is indicated, and, generally, only subsequent papers are considered here. The reader may also find it useful to refer to other works that consider a number of derivatives of particular polysaccharides, such as cellulose, " chitin, starch, " and others. References to polysaccharide derivatives are now being reported annually in Specialist Periodical Reports. ... 

The reaction of monochloroacetic acid with polysaccharides occurs first with the secondary hydroxyl groups, particularly at the beginning of the reaction. However, as in the etherifications already discussed, digestion of 0-(carboxymethyl)cellulose with eellulase reveals that substitution along the chain is non-uniform, accessibility playing an important part. 

Physicochemical studies have also been performed on carboxymethyl-ated 0-methyl- and 0-(2-hydroxyethyl)-cellulose. As with other car-boxymethylated polysaccharides, the degree of substitution and the distribution of substituents play a dominant role in the viscosity of aqueous solutions of O-(carboxymethyl)starch. Viscosimetric "" and other measurements indicate that 0-(carboxymethyl)amylose exists as a random coil in solution, " and that the chains are stiffer than the corresponding cel-lulosic chains whereas the stiffness of the chains of 0-(carboxy-methyl)dextran is little different from that of other charged ether derivatives of dextran and dextran sulfate. Fractional precipitation is a useful procedure for obtaining homogeneous fractions of carboxymethylated polysaccharides, as with other polysaccharide ethers. Acetylated O-(carboxymethyl) cellulose provides a useful basis for the formation of desalination membranes. ... 

In the hydrolysis of O-(carboxymethyl) cellulose with acids, the viscosity-molecular weight relationship deviates from the modified Staud-inger equation in a way analogous to that for other cellulosic materials, and the polysaccharide is hydrolyzed enzymically by cellulase similarly to 0-(2-hydroxyethyl) cellulose, so that the two substituents are equally effective in limiting the enzymic action. 

---