Antitumor activity polysaccharides

Enzymes Degrading Macromolecules. Enzymes that degrade macromolecules such as membrane polysaccharides, stmctural and functional proteins, or nucleic acids, have all shown oncolytic activity. Treatment strategies include the treatment of inoperable tumors with pepsin (1) antitumor activity of carboxypeptidase (44) cytotoxicity of ribonudease (45—47) oncolytic activity of neuraminidase (48—52) therapy with neuraminidase of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (53) antitumor activity of proteases (54) and hyaluronidase treatment in the management of human soHd tumors (55). 

Design of Polysaccharide-5-Fluorouracil Conjugates Exhibiting Antitumor Activities... 

Chen R, meng F, Liu Z, Chen R, Zhang M. Antitumor activities of different fractions of polysaccharide purified from Ornithogalum caudatum Ait. Carbohydrate Polymers 2010 80 845-851. 

Rehmannia chinensis Fisch. R. glutinosa (Gaertn.) Libosch. Di Huang (Chinese foxglove) (root) Catalpol, campesterol, rehmannin, polysaccharide.16,33 Lower blood sugar, immuno-antitumor activity. 

Zhang, . P., X. Y. Lu, P. C. Ma, Y. Chen, Y. G. Zhang, and Z. Yan. 1993. Studies on diterpenoids from leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Acta Pharm. Sin. 28 110-115. Wang, J. Z., H. Tsumura, K. Shimura, and H. Ito. 1992. Antitumor activity of polysaccharide from a Chinese medicinal herb, Acanthopanax giraldii Harms. Cancer Lett. 65 79-84. 

In recent years, many fungi were examined for potent antitumor polysaccharides and a great number of different carbohydrate polymers could be isolated and shown to have a quite distinct antitumor activity. The most active ones have p-1,3- and 1,6-linkages and glucose as the main structural monomer. 

Belkin et al. 29> were first to examine various polysaccharide fractions from higher plants for their antitumor activity. They could demonstrate that many of these fractions produced haemorrhagic necrosis in different tumor types. In most cases, the polysaccharides were injected intraperitoneally into mice carrying Sarkoma 37 ascites tumor. The result was a progressive increase in cell volume and in cytoplasmic vacuolization. Osswald 30) found that tragacanth, gum arabic, and CMC reduced tumor cells in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in female NMRE mice. The effect depended upon the dose, the route of injection, and the molecular size of the polysaccharides administered. 

The most famous example of non-specific polysaccharide immunoadjuvants is lentinan isolated from Lentinus edodes. Since 1985, lentinan has been used as an antitumor agent. Lentinan is a (1 3)-/3-glucop)ranan bearing (1 6)-/3-glucopyranoside branches (O Scheme 1). This neutral polysaccharide suppresses the proliferation of sarcoma 180 tumors implanted subcutaneously in mice. Its antitumor activity was due to a host-mediated reaction with participation of thymus or thymus-dependent cells [1]. The lymphokines induced by this polysaccharide enhance the activity of lymphocytes (e. g., macrophages, helper T cells, and/or natural killer cells) in a dramatic manner [2,3,4,5]. Lentinan-like (1 3)-/3-glucopyranan (schizophyllan) contained in the insoluble fraction of Schizophyllum commune has the stracture shown in O Scheme 2 and is known to possess antitumor activity [6]. 

Adams and coworkers21 also examined the chemical composition and antitumor activity of polysaccharide fractions obtained from the Temple University strain of S. marcescens grown in a medium containing sucrose. Some fractions were obtained from bacterial cells by repeated extraction with aqueous phenol, followed by digestion with... 

Antitumor Activity of Yeast Polysaccharides Against Subcutaneously Implanted Sarcoma 180 in Mice"... 

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