Polypyrrole derivatives

Polypyrrole derivatives [Fig. 13(a)] with nonionic substituents, producing films formed by oligomers these films are soluble in most organic solvents. 

The critical role of the latter process was clearly shown in the extremely elegant work of Wegner and Riihe (1989) who measured the temperature dependence of the DC conductivity of a range of polythiophene and polypyrrole derivatives as a function of the interchain separation. The derivatives... 

The redox interaction between transition metals and redox-active ligands is likely to permit a smooth reversible redox cycle in the transition metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Actually, the Wacker oxidation reaction of a terminal olefin proceeds catalytically only in the presence of a catalytic amount of polyaniline or polypyrrole derivative as a cocatalyst in acetonitrile-water under oxygen atmosphere to give 2-alkanone (Scheme Copper-free catalytic systems are... 

Juttner, K., and C. Ehrenbeck. 1998. Electrochemical measurements of the ion conductivity, permselectivity and transference numbers of polypyrrole and polypyrrole derivatives. / Solid State Electrochem 2 60. 

Figure 1.19 Various self-doped polypyrrole derivatives.

Potential technological applications of conducting polymers often require films that are strong and flexible. TTie mechanical properties of polypyrrole and other conducting polymers show a strong dependence on the nature of the counterion. For example, when toluenesulfonate is used as the counteranion, the mechanical properties are improved over previously synthesized materials. Such conducting polypyrrole derivatives have mechanical properties comparable to those of commercially available filled polymers that have been loaded with conducting carbon particles [85]. 

A number of derivates of pyrroles have been polymerized and manipulated into multilayer structures using the Langmiur-Blodgett technique [203]. This technique has been applied to manipulate electroactive conjugated polymers, mainly polypyrrole derivates, into multilayer thin films with well-defined layered structures and ordered molecular organizations [204]. In this way, amphiphilic polypyrroles and their precursors have been used, or soluble surface-active polypyrroles such as poly(3,4-dibutylpyrrole) [205] (Schemes 10.11 and 10.12). 

In the same report, the authors describe the homopolymerization of 3-(pyrrol-1-yl)propanesulfo-nate via oxidative coupling with ferric chloride (Figure 20.33). A black insoluble precipitate in a dark solution was obtained. The latter was claimed to be the first water-soluble polypyrrole derivative. Pressed pellets of the insoluble traction and cast films of the soluble portion possessed electrical conductivities of 10 to 10 S cm . ... 

Functional polymers appeared in the second half of the twentieth century. Although polyaniline was first described in the mid-nineteenth century by Henry Letheby and polypyrrole derivatives were reported to be electrically conducting in 1963 by B.A. Bolto et al. (1963), substantial progress was not made with intrinsically conducting polymers until the pioneering work of Hideki Shirakawa, Alan J. Heeger, and Alan MacDiarmid who reported similar high conductivity in oxidized iodine-doped polyacetylene in 1977 (Shirakawa 1977). For this research, they were awarded the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery and development of conductive polymers. ... 

Xu L, Yang F, Su C et al (2014) Synthesis and properties of novel TEMPO-contained polypyrrole derivatives as the cathode matraial of organic radical battery. Electrochim Acta 130 148-155... 

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