Polypropylene fumarate

Polypropylene fumarate (PPF) has been in development since the mid-1990s as an injectable, absorbable bone cement with tissue engineering potential. In a 5-week in vivo study in rats, a PPF-based composite crosslinked with N-vinylpyrrolidinone showed good biocompatibility with bone ingrowth and no inflammatory response. Peter and co-workers provide an extensive review of the early development of PPF composite materials, including information about its synthesis, crosslinking, degradation, and... 

Kim, C., Mahar, A., Perry, A., Massie, J., Lu, L., Currier, B., Yaszemski, M.J. 2007. Biomechanical evaluation of an injectable radiopaque polypropylene fumarate cement for kyphoplasty in a cadaveric osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture model. J Spinal Disord Tech 20(8), 604-609. 

The most common polyesters used are based on polypropylene fumarate polymers (called the resins in the trade), prepared from maleic anhydride... 

Jayabalan M, Thomas V, Rajesh PN (2001) Polypropylene fumarate/phloroglucinol trigly-ddyl methacrylate blend for use as partially biodegradable orthopaedic cement. Biomaterials 22 2749-2757... 

Water Insoluble Polymers. There are a number of polymeric substances reported to have functionality as defoamers. These include fatty acid modified alkyloid resins, copolymers of vinyl acetate and long-chain maleic and fumaric acid diesters, as well as polypropylene and butylene oxide polymers and addition products [19-21],... 

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