Polynucleotides aqueous solutions

Based on its nature (aqueous solutions, physiological conditions, well-investigated labeling, and staining reactions) and the historical transition from slab-gel electrophoresis to CE, the main targets are biological and bioequivalent samples such as proteins, peptides, polynucleotides, oligonucleotides, and carbohydrates. 

Candeias LP, O Neill P, Jones GDD, Steenken S (1992) Ionization of polynucleotides and DNA in aqueous solution by 193 nm pulsed laser light identification of base-derived radicals. Int J Radiat Biol 61 15-20... 

ScholesG, Willson RL, Ebert M (1969) Pulse radiolysis of agueous solutions of deoxyribonudeotides and of DNA reaction with hydroxy-radicals. Chem Commun 17-18 Schuchmann MN, von Sonntag C (1982) Flydroxyl radical induced oxidation of diethyl ether in oxygenated aqueous solution. A product and pulse radiolysis study. J PhysChem 86 1995-2000 Shragge PC, Michaels FIB, Flunt JW (1971) Factors affecting the rate of hydrated electron attack on polynucleotides. Radiat Res 47 598-611... 

Schuchmann MN, Naumov S, Schuchmann H-P, von Sonntag J, von Sonntag C (2005) 4-Amino-3Ff-pyrimidin-2-one ("isocytosine") is a short-lived non-radical intermediate formed in the pulse radiolysis of cytosine in aqueous solution. Radiat Phys Chem 72 243-250 Schulte-Frohlinde D, Hildenbrand K (1989) Electron spin resonance studies of the reactions of OH and SO4 radicals with DNA, polynucleotides and single base model compounds. In Minisci F (ed) Free radicals in synthesis and biology. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 335-359 Schulte-Frohlinde D, Behrens G, Onal A (1986) Lifetime of peroxyl radicals of poly(U), poly(A) and single- and double-stranded DNA and the rate of their reaction with thiols. Int J Radiat Biol 50 103-110... 

Table 11.6. G(free phc polynucleotides in N2O sphomonoester groups) (unit 10 7 mol J ) in the y-radiolysis of and NjO/Oj-saturated aqueous solution. (Murthy et al. 1988) ...

Table 11.7. Quantum yields of photoionization (P ) of polynucleotides and DNA by 193 nm laser excitation in aqueous solution estimated error 30%. (Candeias et al. 1992)...

Box HC, Budzinski EE, DawidzikJB, Wallace JC, lijima H (1998) Tandem lesions and other products in X-irradiated DNA oligomers. Radiat Res 149 433-439 Budzinski EE, DawidzikJB, Rajecki MJ, Wallace JC, Schroder EA, Box HC (1997) Isolation and characterization of the products of anoxic irradiation of d(CpGpTpA). Int J Radiat Biol 71 327-336 Candeias LP, O Neill P, Jones GDD, Steenken S (1992) Ionization of polynucleotides and DNA in aqueous solution by 193 nm pulsed laser light identification of base-derived radicals. Int J Radiat Biol 61 15-20... 

Hildenbrand K, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1989) E.S.R. studies on the mechanism of hydroxyl radical-induced strand breakage of polyuridylic add. Int J Radiat Biol 55 725-738 Hildenbrand K, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1997) Time-resolved EPR studies on the reaction rates of per-oxyl radicals of poly(acrylic acid) and of calf thymus DNA with glutathione. Re-examination of a rate constant for DNA. Int J Radiat Biol 71 377-385 Hildenbrand K, Mirtsch S, Schulte-Frohlinde D (1993) H-NMR studies of y-irradiated polynucleotides and DNA in N20-saturated aqueous solutions. Release of undamaged and modified bases. Radiat Res 134 283-294... 

Murthy CP, Deeble DJ, von Sonntag C (1988) The formation of phosphate end groups in the radiolysis of polynucleotides in aqueous solution. Z Naturforsch 43c 572-576 Muller M (1983) Untersuchungen zum OH-induzierten Strangbruch von Poly-(C) in wassriger Lo-sung. Dissertation, Ruhr-Universitat, Bochum... 

Liquid-liquid extraction of polynucleotides normally involves the use of an organic solvent (such as phenol or chloroform) or an aqueous solution (such as sodium perchlorate, guanidine hydrochloride or guanidine thiocyanate in high concentration) to remove the proteinaceous materials from the aqueous phase... 

In a physicochemical study of oligo- or polynucleotides, it has been reported that Hypochromicity, depends on the degree of polymerization [61]. The value of native DNA is about 60%, which corresponds to the Hypochromicity, of the absorption of its mononucleotides [60]. The present result indicates that the purine rings may intramolecularly stack by themselves in an aqueous solution... 

Of considerable further interest is the finding of Marmur and Ts o (1961) that the denaturation of DNA in formamide-water mixtures results in the separation of the two polynucleotide strands. An N N hybrid Escherichia coli DNA was treated with 95% formamide at 37°C for 15 min at an ionic strength of 0.01, the formamide was then removed by dialysis, and the DNA was centrifuged in a CsCl density gradient. The presence of two bands of density different from that of the original hybrid indicates that strand separation occurred. It is of considerable practical interest that these conditions are much milder than those required to achieve strand separation in aqueous solution. Whether strand separation occurs also in solutions of DNA in other nonaqueous solvents is not yet determined. 

Poly(7-deazaguanylic acid) has been prepared by polymerization of 7-deaza-guanosine 5 -diphosphate using polynucleotide phosphorylase from Micrococcus luteus, and its ability to form duplexes with complementary polynucleotides compared with that of poly(G). It is cleaved by ribonuclease T1 and also by nuclease SI, showing that unlike poly(G), it forms no selfstructure in aqueous solution. ... 

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