Polymerized ionic liquids

Marcilla, R., Sanchez-Paniagua,M.,Lopez-Ruiz,B.,Lopez-Cabarcos,E.Ochoteco, E., Grande, H., and Mecerreyes, D., Synthesis and characterization of new polymeric ionic liquid microgels, /. Polymer Set. A., 44,3958-3965,2006. 

Lopez, M.S.P., Mecerreyes, D., Lopez-Carbarcos, E., and Lopez-Ruiz B., Amperometric glucose biosensor based on polymerized ionic liquid microparticles. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 21, 2320-2328,2006. 

Giri et al. (2) prepared mixed ammonium and phosphonium polymeric ionic liquids, (III), from chloromethylated polystyrene, which were useful as enhancers in chemiluminescent systems. 

Polymeric ionic liquids, (IV) and (V), were prepared by Schlenoff et al. (3) and used in polyelectrolyte membranes. 

Rodrigues et al. (4) prepared polymeric ionic liquid derivatives, (VI), by condensing poly(4-vinylpyridine) with propane sultone and products used as antidye transfer agents. 

The polymerized ionic liquid (IL) shows great promise for diverse applications. Some polymerization methods have already been oriented toward specific applications. Polymerized ILs are useful in polar environments or where there are ion species for transport in the matrix. Amphoteric polymers that contain no carrier ions are being considered for several porposes in polymer electrolytes. Zwitterionic liquids (ZBLs) were introduced in Chapter 20 as ILs in which component ions cannot move with the potential gradient. ZILs can provide ion conductive paths upon addition of salt to the matrix. It is therefore possible to realize selective ion transport in an IL matrix. If the resulting matrix can form solid film over a wide temperature range, many useful ionic devices can be realized. This chapter focuses on the preparation and characteristics of amphoteric IL polymers. 

Green O, Grubjesic S, Lee S et al (2009) The design of polymeric ionic liquids for the preparation of functional materials. J Macromol Sci R, Part C Polym Rev 49 339-360... 

Thermotropic side-chain ionic liquid-crystalline polymers are particularly attractive when the aim is that of merging the liquid-crystalline characteristics of the low molecular weight mesogen side groups with the mechanical properties of the polymeric main chain. It is not surprising, then, that they attracted most of the research efforts in the polymeric ionic liquid crystals field. 

Marcilla R, Curri ML, Mecerreyes D et al (2006) Nano-objects on a round trip from water to organics in a polymeric ionic liquid vehicle. Small 2 507-512... 

Xiao CH, Chu XC, Chen JH (2010) Polymerized ionic liquid-wrapped carbon nanotubes the promising composites for direct electrochemistry tmd biosensing of redox protein. Talanta 80 1719 1724... 

Using a quite different approach, polymeric beads of supported ionic liquid palladium catalysts comprised of polymerized ionic liquid monomers and palladium complexes have been synthesized using traditional suspension polymerization methods [86]. Here, polymeric ionic liquid beads were made from polymerization of l-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide and poly(vinylalcohol) by heating with AlBN (2,2 -azobis(2-methylpropionitrile)) in the presence of l,l -bis[l,8-octyl)-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide as cross-linker (Scheme 5.6-6). The ionic liquid support beads proved to be thermally stable up 250 °C which is significantly higher than conventional vinyl resins. 

Besides the monomer-based TSILs, nitrile-containing polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) have also been synthesized for functional carbons synthesis. Different from... 

Several heterogeneous catalysts have been shown to effect related multicomponent couplings. These include cross-linked polymeric ionic liquid material-supported copper (Cu-CPSIL), silica-dispersed CuO (CuO/Si02), and imidazolium-loaded Merrifield resin-supported copper (Cu-PSIL), all of which can be used in water at room temperature to arrive at 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles from alkyl halides, NaNs, and terminal alkynes. Each can be filtered and reused several times with minimal loss of efficacy. Multistep flow synthesis, specifically including generation of underused vinyl azides and their subsequent click conversions to vinyl triazoles, has also been reported. ... 

Scheme 4.8 Synthesis of polymeric ionic liquids on silica or SBA-15 support materials.

Although many different materials can be considered for the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic membranes, if the polymeric phase already has attractive transport properties, then the hybrid membranes performance should reach superior values. One example can be the so-called polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), which are a new class of polymer electrolytes obtained from ionic liquids monomers, hi view of their... 

An even more drastic effect is obtained with polymeric ionic liquids when exposed to liquids (David, 2011). The system goes from porous to hydrogel and vice versa upon exposure to organic solvents and water, respectively, and causes the complete closure of the pores. The physicochemical properties of polymeric ionic liquids are also strongly affected by the anion exchange reaction, which allows controlling their permeability to gases by exposure to different ion solutions. 

David, M., 2011. Polymeric ionic liquids broadening the properties and applications of polyelectrolytes. Progress in Polymer Science 36, 1629—1648. 

Polymeric Ionic Liquids with Micelle-like Topologies and Functions... 

---