Polymerization reproducibility

Figure 12. Temperature dependence of the inverse dielectric susceptibility (xr ) of DNP along the principal axis for polymerization. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 16. Copyright 1980, Ferroelectric. ...

Figure 14. The second harmonic I2" of NTDA microcrystals relative to the second harmonic intensity of lithum iodate (LilOi) powder I2" with increasing x-ray-induced polymerization. (Reproduced with permissionfrom Ref. 7. Copyright 1980, J. Opt. Soc.)...

Figure 1. The synthesis of sequential IPN above and simultaneous interpenetrating networks, SIN, below. For the synthesis of SIN, two different reactions operate simultaneously such as condensation polymerization and addition polymerization. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 23. Copyright 1981, Plenum Publishing.

Fig. 8 Comparison of the key processes in a the ATRP- or NMP- and b RAFT-mediated graft polymerizations. Reproduced with permission from [129] (Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society)...

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of apparatus for plasma-graft polymerization (Reproduced with permission from Yamada et al., J Appl Polym Sci 60 1847 Copyright (1996) John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Figure 2.5. Schematic of grafting of PMMA chains from the surface of nanotubes using atom transfer radical polymerization. Reproduced from reference 30 with permission from American Chemical Society.

Figure 2. Time-conversion curve of MMA polymerization. (Reproduced from ref. 11. Copyright 1986 American Chemical Society.)...

Figure 1. Schematic drawing of Inclusion polymerization. (Reproduced with permission from reference 12. Copyright 1982 Huthlg and Wepf Verlag, Basel.)...

FIGURE 47 Fragmentation of a catalyst particle during the earliest stages of polymerization. (Reproduced with permission from Macromolecules 2005, 38(11), 4673-4678.)... 

Figure 9.8 Schematic representation of the concept of vine-twining polymerization. (Reproduced with permission from [112]. Copyright (2005) Wiley Periodicals, Inc.).

Figure 4. Conversion of CL (d) and t-BMA (o) in a consecutive one-pot cascade polymerization (arrow marks addition of ATRP catalyst) in comparison with the conversion of CL (m) and t-BMA ( ) in a homopolymerization. Lines are added to guide the eye for data set of the cascade polymerization. (Reproduced with permission from reference 17. Copyright 2006 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.)...

Figure 1. Synthesis of P2VP-PEO DHBCs by anionic polymerization. Reproduced from [6] by permission of Elsevier.

Figure 5. Synthesis of a polypeptide containing DHBC by ring opening polymerization. Reproduced from [30] by permission of the American Chemical Society.

Scheme 3.18 Synthesis of pH-responsive targeted ampholytic copolymers by RAFT polymerization). (Reproduced from Heath et al. with permission from Wiley.)...

Scheme 30.21 Synthesis of hyperbranched glycopolymers. (i) RAFT polymerization (ii) poly(methacrylate)s via RAFT polymeriza- thiol-ene click" coupling with glucothiose. tion of EGDMA, and the post-polymerization Reproduced with permission from Ref. [ISO] modification using thiol-ene click coupling 2010, American Chemical Society, for the preparation of hyperbranched...

Figure 1 Relation between molecular rotation in a hydrocarbon solvent (referred to the monomeric unit) of the unfractionated methanol-insoluble 4 (I), 2 (II), and 3 (III) samples and the optical purity of the monomers used for polymerization. Reproduced with permission from Pino, P. Ciardelli, F. Montagnoli, G. Pieroni, 0. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. 1967, 5, 307 Copyright 1967 Wiley.

Figure 10.3 Different pathways to PLA synthesis either by polycondensation (and chaincoupling reaction) or by ring-opening polymerization. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [19] 2004, John Wiiey and sons.

Scheme 4.1 PLA production via polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization (reproduced with John Wiley and Sons permission from Ref. 2).

Figure 1.18 TEM micrograph of the polyethylene nanocomposites prepared by in-situ polymerization. Reproduced from Ref [37] with permission from Elsevier.

Figure 1.21 Nanocomposites based on block copolymer generated by atom transfer radical polymerization. Reproduced from Ref [45] by permission from Elsevier.

FIGURE 8.12 Limiting current (Ru(NH3)6 +) as a fimction of increasing pH for PDMAEMA-colloidal film Pt electrodes for 5 h (a) and for 20 h (b) polymerizations. Reproduced with permission from Reference 32. Copyright 2008 American Chemical Society. 

FIGURE 8.17 Diffusion rates of Fe(bpy)3 + through PDMAEMA-modified colloidal membranes (180 nm silica spheres) with (black) and without (grey) 50 mM trifluoroacetic acid after (a) 16 h and (b) 22 h of polymerization. Reproduced with permission from Reference 62. Copyright 2010 Wiley, Inc. 

FIGURE 6.5 Surface modification of PHBHV by SI-ATRP and conventional fiee-radical polymerization. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [71]. frley-VCH VerlagGmbH Co. KGaA. 

Scheme 5.3 Schematic representation of the cross-linking in phosphoric acid through cationic polymerization. Reproduced from [25] with permission of Elsevier...

Fig. 8 Synthetic route of the modification and ion-exchange of Laponite with [Zrfn-CeHsMefthf))] BPh4 and propene polymerization. Reproduced with kind permission from Tudor et al. [95]...

Fig. 9 Synthetic approach using bifunctional organic modifier to produce polyethylene chemically linked silicate layers prepared by in situ polymerization. Reproduced with kind permission from Alexandre et al. [98]...

X-ray diffractogram of (I) clay modified by using methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MOETMAC) in an amount corresponding to 70% of the CEC and methyltrioctylam-monium in an amount corresponding to 30% of the CEC and (II) clay of I after reaction at 60°C (solution polymerization). (Reproduced from Mittal, V, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 314,141-51,2007. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

Graphical representation of the synthesis of thiol end-functionalized PFS by anionic polymerization. (Reproduced from Peter et al. 1999. Synthesis, characterization, and thin film formation of end-functionalized organometallic polymers. Chemical Communications (4)359-360 with permission from RSC.)... 

Figure 17.10 Representation of an (O/W) emulsion polymerization. (Reproduced with permission from W. Lau, Emulsion polymerization of hydrophobia monomers, Macromolecular Symposia, 2002,182,1, 283-289. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA.)...

Figure 7.7 Fabrication of PP/GO nanocomposites by in situ Ziegler—Natta polymerization. Reproduced from Huang et al. (2010) with permission from American Chemical Society.

Scheme 7 Mechanism of RAF polymerization. Reproduced from Moad, G. Rizzardo, E. Thang, S. H., Radical addition-fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis. PolymerZOOi, 49,1079-1131. ...

Figure 15.7.1. (a) Ruthenium ROMP carbene catalyst (Mes = mesityl = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl Cy = cyclohexyl) (b) Opening of the cyclic olefin monomer ring leaves a reactive end for further polymerization (reproduced by permission from R. H. Grubs and the Wiley-VCH, STM-Copyright Licenses). 

Figure 23.6 Fluorescence images of NIH 3T3 cells on a) native PDMS surface, b) polyethylene glycol grafted on PDMS via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization and fluorescence images of HeLa cells on, c) native PDMS surface, d) polyethylene glycol grafted on PDMS via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, e) cell attachment on native PDMS and polyethylene glycol grafted on PDMS via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Reproduced with permission from [30] Copyright 2011 Elsevier.

Figure 1.12 X-ray diffraction spectra of (I) pure montmorillonite, (II) acidified montmorillonite, (III) nanocomposite before polymerization and (IV) nanocomposite after polymerization. Reproduced from reference 75 with permission from Elsevier.

Figure 2.10 TEM images of nanocomposites of PMMA (Al, Bl) and copolymer PMMA-co-bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (A2, B2) with HDEHP-LDH prepared from suspension polymerization. Reproduced with permission from reference 142.

Figure 7.8 SEM images of samples (a) 0.2 wt% AOT, 2.0 wt% emulsified water, 3.2 wt% incorporated water and (b) 0.8 wt% AOT, 8.0 wt% emulsified water, 9.3 wt% incorporated water prepared via suspension polymerization. Reproduced from reference 57 by permission of Elsevier.

Figure 11.6 XRD patterns of PAN-Na-MMT-Si02 with 2.0 wt% Na-MMT and 2.0 wt% Si02, sampled at fixed time intervals during polymerization. Reproduced with permission from reference 90.

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