Polymeric physicochemical characterization

A synthesis and physicochemical characterization, including molecular second-order nonlinear optical properties, of new push-pull-based chromophores 170 properly functionalized for polymerization and containing oxadiazole rings were reported <2002J(P2)1791>. 

The physicochemical characterization of a colloidal carrier is necessary because important characteristics, such as particle size, hydrophobicity, and surface charge, determine the biodistribution after administration [129-132]. Preparation conditions, such as the pH of the polymerization medium, monomer concentration, and surfactant concentration, can influence the physicochemical characteristics of the particles [60, 62, 64]. It is, therefore, essential to perform a comprehensive physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles, which has been reviewed by Magenheim and Benita [133]. 

Ammoury, N., Fessi, H., Devissaguet, J. P, Ouisieux, F., and Benita, S. (1989), Physicochemical characterization of polymeric nanocapsules and in vitro release evaluation of indomethacin as a drug model, STP Pharma, 5, 642. 

SAK Sakar, D., Erdogan, T., Cankurtaran, O., Hizal, G., Karaman, F., and Tunca, U., Physicochemical characterization of poly(teri-bntyl aciylate-Z)-methyl methacrylate) prepared with atom transfer radical polymerization by inverse gas chromatography, Polymer, 47, 132, 2006. 

Zhang, J.X., Qiu, L.Y., Jin, Y. and Zhu, K.J. (2005) Physicochemical characterization of polymeric micelles constructed from novel amphiphEic poly(phosphazene) with poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide) and ethyl 4-aminobenzoate as side groups. Colloid. Surf. B Biointerf, 43, 121-128. 

Ulbrich, K., Subr, V., Strohahn, ., Plocovd,D., JeKnkovd,M., and ftihovi, B., 2000, Polymeric drugs based on conjugates of synthetic and natural macromolecules. I.Synthesis and physicochemical characterization. J. Control. Rel. 64 63-79. 

Michalska, Z. M., Strzelec, K. (2000), Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of polymeric supports and polymer-supported rhodium catalysts based on polyamides having a pyridine moiety. Reactive Functional Polymers, 44,189-99. 

Van Hamersveld, E.M.S., Van Es, J.J.G.S., and Cupurus, F.P. (1999) Oil-acrylate hybrid emulsions, mini-emulsion polymerization and characterization. Colloids ami Surfaces A-Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 153,285-296. 

Alternatively, liquid phase polymerization (in bulk monomer at a temperature of 20° C) furnishes an isomer (II) characterized by a cis-transoid (or trans-cisoid) configuration of the main chain, with carboxyl groups located on both sides of it. These isomers will be shown later to differ in chemical and physicochemical properties. 

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAAM), formed by a free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide, is a water soluble, temperature sensitive polymer. In aqueous solution, it exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the range of 30-35 C depending on the concentration and the chain length of the polymer. Thus, as the solution temperature is raised above the LCST, the polymer undergoes a reversible phase transition characterized by the separation of a solid phase which redissolves when the solution temperature is lowered below the LCST. Its physicochemical properties have been investigated by several laboratories (1-3). 

The physical properties affecting physiological function are principally determined at the macromolecular level by the three-dimensional network structure of component long-chain polymeric molecules com-plexed with small molecules such as lipids and polysaccharides. These network structures are best characterized by physicochemical measurements of isolated stratum corneum to establish a profile of parameters relating structure and properties to functions. 

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