Polymeric nanocapsules

Tewa-Tagne, P., Briangon, S. Fessi, H. (2006). Spray-dried microparticles containing polymeric nanocapsules Formulation aspects, liquid phase interactions and particles characteristics. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Vol. 325, 1-2, (November 2006), pp. (63-74), ISSN 0378-5173... 

C Losa, MJ Alonso, JL Vila, F Orallo, J Martinez, JA Saavedra, JC Pastor. (1992). Reduction of cardiovascular side effects associated with ocular administration of metipranolol by inclusion in polymeric nanocapsules. J Ocular Pharmacol 8 191-198. 

Having already examined the use of the LbL method to make various nanocapsules, including polymer nanocapsules, and having already encountered the use of star polymers for catalyst encapsulation, we turn our attention to other methods for the formation of polymeric nanocapsules. Useful reviews of the formation of these capsules using various methods are available [78-84]. 

Tiarks, F., Landdfester, K. and Antonietti, M. (2001) Preparation of polymeric nanocapsules by miniemulsion polymerization. Langmuir, 17, 908-918. 

Ammoury, N., et al. 1989. Physiochemical characterization of polymeric nanocapsules and in vitro release evaluation of indomethacin as drug model. STP Pharma 5 647. 

Paiphansiri U, Tangboriboonrat P, Landfester K (2006) Polymeric nanocapsules containing an antiseptic agent obtained by controlled nanoprecipitation onto water-in-oil miniemulsion droplets. Macromol Biosci 6(1) 33—40... 

Losa, C. Marchal-Heussler, L. Orallo, F. Vila Jato, J.L. Alonso, M.J. Design of new formulations for topical ocular administration polymeric nanocapsules containing metipranolol. Pharm. Res. 1993,10, 80-87. 

Guterres SS, Weiss V, de Lucca Freitas L, Pohlmann AR. Influence of benzyl benzoate as oil core on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried powders from polymeric nanocapsules containing indomethacin. Drug Deliv 2000 7(4) 195—199. 

Besides the layer-by-layer technique, which can be applied with or without the use of sacrificial cores [165,166] and usually requires polyelectrolytes, the miniemulsion technique is a highly suitable and versatile method for the formation of capsule formation with sizes down to 100 nm. Even the formation of inorganic capsules (e.g., [167]) by the miniemulsion polymerization is possible. For the formation of polymeric nanocapsules, three general approaches (see Figs. 16, 17, and 23) can be distinguished ... 

Fig. 17 For mation of polymeric nanocapsules (a) by interfadal reaction in direct miniemulsion and (b) interfacial polyaddition in inverse miniemulsion...

Cao Z, Shan G (2009) Synthesis of polymeric nanocapsules with a crosslinked shell through interfacial miniemulsion polymerization. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 47 1522-1534... 

Mu B, Shen RP, Liu P (2009) Crosslinked polymeric nanocapsules from polymer brushes grafted silica nanoparticles via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Colloid SurfB 74 511-515... 

Tiarks et al. have described in detail the theory of droplets composed of binary mixtures in relation to the preparation of polymeric nanocapsules containing HD by miniemulsion polymerization using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or PS polymer [37]. First, a miniemulsion of oil phase (monomer -r HD -t initiator) dispersed in aqueous phase and containing an appropriate surfactant is prepared by ultrasonication. The polymerization is initiated by heating the emulsion to 68 °C. When the polymer is formed it separates from the HD phase and, depending on the interfadal tension and spreading coeffidents of monomer/polymer, HD (hydrophobe) and water, capsules with different morphologies are obtained. 

The preparation of nanoparticles by precipitation from an organic solution is well known from the preparation of polymeric nanocapsules and can also be used for the SLN production. The lipid, drug and the stabilizer(s) are dissolved in a water-miscible organic solvent (e.g. acetone, ethanol) or solvent mixture and this solution is dropped in the stirred aqueous phase that may contain a hydrophilic surfactant. Chen et al. firstly evaporated a part of the solvent mixture at elevated temperature before injection into the cooled aqueous phase under stirring. ... 

Du Y-Z, Xu J-G, Wang L, Yuan H, Hu F-Q. Preparation and characteristics of hydroxy-propyl-p-cyclodextrin polymeric nanocapsules loading nimodipine. Eur Polym J 2009 45 1397 02. 

Sharma S, Paiphansiri U, Hombach V, MaUander V, Zimmermann O, Landfester K, et al. Characterization of MRI contrast agent-loaded polymeric nanocapsules as versatile vehicle for targeted imaging. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2010 5 59-69. 

Keywords Biodegradable DNA encapsulation Interfacial polymerization Nanocapsule Poly (butylcyanoacry late)... 

Significant benefits of the miniemulsion technique offer the abihty to obtain polymeric nanocapsules in a controlled way with different particle size, morphology and... 

In these studies, polymeric nanocapsules with encapsulated dsDNA (790 base pairs) were produced via anionic polymerization of n-butylcyanoacrylate (BCA) carried out at the interface of homogeneously distributed aqueous droplets in inverse miniemulsion which are in a second step then redispersed in an aqueous continuous phase. The obtained capsules were characterized in terms of size, size distribution, morphology, polymer molecular weight, and encapsulation efficiency of DNA. The effects of surfactant type and concentration, viscosity of the continuous phase, monomer amount, and water-to-oil ratio were investigated and results are discussed in this paper. 

Chitosan hydrogel containing polymeric nanocapsules Nile red Better adhesion and penetration properties [99]... 

I. Valente, Polymeric nanocapsules for pharmaceutical applications, PhD Thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Italy, 2012. Available at http //porto.polito.it/id/eprint/2496434 [DOI 10.6092/polito/porto/2496434]. 

TEM images of SN (a), SN-PMA (b), SN-CP (cross-linked particles) (c), and cross-linked polymeric nanocapsules (d and e). (Reproduced from Mu, B., et aL, Colloids and Surfaces B Bioirderfaces, 74,511-15, 2009. With permission from Elsevier.)... 

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