Polymeric matrix materials

Table 4 Representative Properties of Some Polymeric Matrix Materials...

Based on these preliminary investigations, SEM-EDS was used to identify the particles embedded in the sheets. A particle was isolated from the extruded plastic sheeting and analyzed. Figure 40 shows an SEM micrograph at 14,500 x magnification of the particle studied. This specimen is quite small, on the order of 10 pm in diameter. The EDS results are summarized in Table 11 for both this particle and for the polymeric matrix material from which it was harvested. 

As expected, the EDS data set indicates that the polymeric matrix material (the PE-PP blend) is composed only of carbon (hydrogen is not detectable by this method). The particle, however, appears to be composed mainly of aluminum and oxygen along with small amounts of copper. The ratio of aluminum to oxygen is consistent with the chemical formula for aluminum oxide (A1203). The SEM-EDS results are consistent with aluminum oxide and traces of copper as the primary constituents of the particulate contamination. (Al2O3.3H20 is a commonly used fire-retardant additive in polymeric products.)... 

Sodium ion-selective field-effect transistors (Na+ ISFETs) were prepared by using three different types of polymeric matrix materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, bio-compatible polymer (polyurethane) and Urushi (natural oriental lacquer). Their electrochemical characteristics were discussed in connection with their characteristics of polymeric matrix membranes. 

Matrix mechanisms of sodium Urushi and PVC/ISFETs. The electrochemical characteristics, such as linear response range, sensitivity, selectivity and response time of the Urushi matrix ISFETs are similar to those of the PVC matrix ISFETs. The reason of the same characteristics is discussed from the standpoint of matrix mechanisms as follows. The obtained results indicate that these characteristics are mainly determined not by polymeric matrix materials but by sodium-sensing materials, including the membrane solvent (NPOE etc.). Therefore, it is considered that the polymeric matrix materials, such as PVC and Urushi only act as a hydrophobic support polymer and that the major part of surface of the matrix membrane should be covered with the membrane solvent containing the Na ionophore. 

Wax matrix tablets are prepared either by compression of the wax granules or beads described in the previous section, or, with the higher melting waxes available in powder form, by direct compression of powder blends. When compared with polymeric matrix materials, the amount of waxes within the tablet is limited because of fusion and sticking to the punches at higher wax concentrations. This problem could possibly be overcome by compression at lower temperatures. 

Composite materials consist of three main constituents matrix, reinforcement and interface. The matrix in composite materials has key functions. It transfers load to the reinforcement and protects the reinforcement from environmental degradation. When polymeric matrix materials are used, composites called polymeric matrix composites (PMCs). Composite can be classified according to the reinforcement used as shown in Figure 14.1 (Cicala and Lo Faro, 2012). 

However, in both cases - thermoplastics and thermosets - the equipment and the processes need to be adapted to the nanosized fillers. The most crucial point in the production of polymer-nanofiller dispersions is the proper separation of the CNTs from each other, the deagglomeration of agglomerates, and their coupling to the polymeric matrix material. For this purpose, dispersion aids, stabilizers, and compatibilizers, used for other filler particles, need to be adapted in many cases specifically for nanosized fillers with their different surface treatments for the different matrix materials. This is a very complicated issue, and makes a close co-operation between the different scientific disciplines necessary [1]. 

Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is a multiphase material consistent of the carbon fibers which are embedded into the polymeric matrix material. The third phase of the material... 

Carbon fiber reinforced carbon Carbon fiber polymeric matrix materials (polysulfone, poly(aryl) ether ketone Carbon fiber reinforced bone cement A-W glass-ceramic... 

Polyester is a preferred polymeric matrix material in that it is a far more dense polymer than previously used nylons. The specific gravity of polyesters is about 1.30, as compared with about 1.02 for nylons. This enables the fabrication of a bullet with a greatly increased weight, for while the copper/polymer ratio remains at approximately the 90/10 range, the increased density allows for more actual copper by weight ... 

As matrix polymer for the developed plastie/metal blend almost all commercial thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers are applieable. Thus, the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the eompounds can be adapted to the respective application within a certain scope. Due to its technical relevance regarding its planned employment in the automotive and electronical industry polyamide (A. Schulman GmbH, Kerpen/ Germany) is employed as the polymeric matrix material in the context of these investigations. 

---