Polymer systems, self-organizing

The "catch-22" of these systems is their dependence on liquid water as the working fluid. In contact with water, hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer constituents self-organize into phase-segregated random structures that... 

Mesogenic groups, which quantitatively dominate in a given system and determine the capability of the polymer for self-organization and formation of the LC phase, are the key stmctural elements of such a macromolecule. Each of the other molecular groups (taken either separately or in combination with other groups) imparts exactly those functional properties to the final material that, at the request of... 

In this chapter we are mostly focusing the attention to the K absorption edges of light elements as for instance C, N, and O as measured for oligomers, polymers and biomaterials molecular systems self organized onto solid... 

The size-exclusion and ion-exchange properties of zeoHtes have been exploited to cause electroactive species to align at a zeoHte—water interface (233—235). The zeoHte thus acts as a template for the self-organization of electron transfer (ET) chains that may find function as biomimetic photosynthetic systems, current rectifiers, and photodiodes. An example is the three subunit ET chain comprising Fe(CN)g anion (which is charge-excluded from the anionic zeoHte pore stmcture), Os(bipyridine)3 (which is an interfacial cation due to size exclusion of the bipyridine ligand), and an intrazeoHte cation (trimethylamino)methylferrocene (F J ). A cationic polymer bound to the (CN) anion holds the self-assembled stmcture at an... 

It should be noted that the glassy state of amorphous polymers, metals, or other inorganics is neither self-assembled, nor self-organized. Even though it is not an equilibrium structure, it lacks the characteristic order and regular structure that is inherent in self-assembly or self organization systems. 

The nature and timing of DOM inputs influence both community organization and metabolism (see Chapter 15), which in turn affect DOM concentration and export at the ecosystem scale. The relationship of source heterogeneity to system function is one of the least studied aspects of DOM dynamics. For planktonic communities, source effects are direct and immediate. Attached communities also respond and adapt to local DOM inputs, but the capacity of biofilms to self-organize within a secreted polymer matrix... 

Small molecules can undergo self-organization into a wide variety of orientations besides nanotubes. For example, in 2003, Percec designed a system of self-assembled dendritic benzamides based on methyl gallate and trimethoxyben-zene that exhibited a liquid crystalline phase both as monomers and as polymers (Fig. 7.7) [52],... 

The second is to examine the dynamics of phase separation and phase dissolution which can be pursued by scattering techniques. This topic involves the fundamental problem of self-organization in polymer systems under non-equilibrium conditions. 

Self-organization with selection occurs in the metal cation driven build-up of [2x2] grid-type metallosupramolecular architectures by dynamic ligand generation with selection of the proper components [53-56], as well as in the self-sensing process enabled by the cation-induced recomposition of a dynamic polymer [57]. In these cases the evolution of the system is driven by cation coordination pressure. 

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