Polymer resin adhesion studies

Ladizesky, N.H. and Ward, I.M. (1983). A study of the adhesion of drawn polyethylene fiber/polymer resin systems. J. Mater.. Sci. 18, 533-544. 

The thermoplastic resins that were used for the adhesion studies are considered to be tough, not easily crystallizable polymers. They are as follows, with designated labels assigned to each structure ... 

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The basic chemical reactions, used to synthesize monomer and polymer resins and the chemistry involved in the use of curing agents to polymerize the resins, have been extensively studied and are well documented. This section serves as a summary only of those polymers that are primarily used in adhesives formulations for electronic applications. Among these polymers are the epoxies, silicones, polyurethanes, polyimides, acrylates, cyanate esters, and cyclo-olefins. Further technical detail for these polymers maybe acquired through literature searches in the transactions of the American Chemical Society (Polymer Group), Society of Plastics Engineers (SPE), and the Society for the Advancement of Materials and Process Engineers (SAMPE). 

ToF-SIMS, and also in some cases XPS, has been applied to a range of polymer problems such as adhesion studies of elastomers based on brominated poly(isobutylene-co-4-methylstyrene) and diene elastomers [229], PVC [230], epoxy resin aluminium [231,232], glass rubber [233], squalene brass [234], and sealants [235]. 

In adhesion studies of polymer layers on ceramics particular care must be taken to ensure that the presence of VDC does not lead to an erroneous assignment of the failure characteristics. The potential difficulty of VDC is well illustrated by the work of Taylor and Watts as part of an investigation of the adhesion of a photocured resin to quartz, alumina and silicon [74]. The spectra of Fig. 10 were taken from the oxide failure surfaces of an adhesive joint that... 

It is known that most mixtures of elastomers and resinous copolymers are rather polydisperse, their incompatibility giving rise to poor interfacial adhesion. Preferably, a resinous monomer or monomers are grafted to the rubber, and they act as a link between the rubber and the resin phases. As Rosen (13) has pointed out, one means of predicting the affinities of polymer pairs from measurable properties is through the use of the solubility parameter, and this has proved useful in this study. The solubility parameter concept was originally derived from the thermody-... 

Prior to this discovery, in 1954 Silberberg and Kuhn (62) were first to study the polymer-in-polymer emulsion containing ethylcellulose and polystyrene in a nonaqueous solvent, benzene. The mechanisms of polymer emulsification, demixing, and phase reversal were studied. Wetzel and Hocks discovery would then equate the pressure-sensitive adhesive to a polymer-polymer emulsion instead of a polymer-polymer suspension. Since the interface is liquid-liquid, the adhesion then becomes one type of R-R adhesion (35, 36). According to our previous discussion, diffusion is not operative unless both resin and rubber have an identical solubility parameter. The major interfacial interaction is physical adsorption, which, in turn, determines adhesion. Our previous work on the wettability of elastomers (37, 38) can help predict adhesion results. Detailed studies on the function of tackifiers have been made by Wetzel and Alexander (69), and by Hock (20, 21), and therefore the subject requires no further elaboration. 

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