Polymer reaction engineering

Tref has been used for many years in polymer reaction engineering investigations. For instance, Tref was one of the most important analytical techniques to determine the presence of multiple-site catalysts on heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts used for olefin polymerization, as previously illustrated in Fig. 18. Crystaf, with a much shorter analysis time than Tref, permits the routine determination of the CCD in polymer reaction engineering projects. 

CCDs obtained with Crystaf have shed light on various topics in the area of polymerization and polymer degradation mechanisms. Similarly to Tref, Crystaf can be used to identify the nature of active site types in Ziegler-Natta catalysts, as proposed by da Silva Filho et al. [49]. 

Crystaf has been used to provide important insights on polymerization conditions affecting CCD [71-78]. For example. Fig. 41 shows how the CCD of ethylene/1-hexene copolymers made with a silica-supported binary metallocene catalyst is influenced by the relative amounts of each metallocene in the mixture [74]. This understanding leads to the ability to manipulate the CCD and allows us to tailor-make copolymers with predetermined mi-crostructures through the combination of catalysts, cocatalysts, and/or support treatments. 

Using a careful factorial experimental design, the effect of polymerization temperature, polymerization pressure, amount of hydrogen, and the comonomer-to-monomer feed ratio on Crystaf profiles can be identified [78]. 

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N. Friis and A. E. Hamielec, Principles of Polymer Reactor Design, in Polymer Reaction Engineering Course Notes, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, p.55. 

This book is an outgrowth of an earlier book, Chemical Reactor Design, John Wiley Sons, 1987. The title is different and reflects a new emphasis on optimization and particularly on scaleup, a topic rarely covered in undergraduate or graduate education but of paramount importance to many practicing engineers. The treatment of biochemical and polymer reaction engineering is also more extensive than normal. 

Figure 1. New directions in polymer reaction engineering research.

F. Teymour, Paper presented at Polymer Reaction Engineering V, Quebec, Canada (2003). 

Modeling, Simulation and Control of Chemical Reaction Systems Nano Materials Synthesis and Application Novel Reactors and Processes Polymer Reaction Engineering... 

Hamielec, A.E. MacGregor, J.F. Proc. Int. Berlin Workshop on Polymer Reaction Engineering. Berlin, West Germany, 1983. 

Platz G, Ebert G Viscoelasticity and Anisotropy in Microemulsions In Polymer Reaction Engineering, Reicher KH, Geiseler W (eds) Hiithig, Heidelberg, 1986, pp.95... 

K. H. Reichert and W. Geiseler, eds., Polymer Reaction Engineering, Hanser Publishers, Munich, 1983. 

Jaeger W, Hahn M, Wandrey C (1989) In Polymer reaction engineering. Reichert KH, Geiseler W (eds) VCH Weinheim 239... 

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