Polymer-metal multilayer devices

Polymer/metal multilayer devices are used in the microelectronics industry. These devices are composed of alternating layers of polymer and metal, the metal is etched into lines and, except where via holes permit the contact of different metal layers, the polymer serves as an insulator. Because the polymer must withstand rather hostile environments during fabrication, the choice is narrowed to those which are stable to chemical treatment, high temperature (for short periods of time) and humidity. The polymers of choice here are the polyimides, although others are certainly used. 

Multilayer composition and thickness Surface chemistry of metal and polymer medical implants Biocompatibility of implanted devices Implanted device performance... 

An example of this approach is represented by the growth of 3-D coordination polymers with SCO properties via stepwise adsorption reactions for multilayer films based entirely on intra- and interlayer coordination bonds Fe(pyrazine) [Pt(CN) ] [218, 219], Indeed, after functionalization of the surface with the appropriate anchoring layer the coordination polymer is built in a stepwise fashion, alternating the metal ion (Fe "), the platinum salt ([Pt(CN) ] ), and pyrazine. The polymer shows many interesting properties, with the SCO transition accompanied by a variation in the dielectric constant of the material accompanied by a room temperature hysteresis of the dielectric constants. This dielectric hysteretic property may be useful in building molecular memory devices that can store information by high- and low-capacitance states. What must be remarked here is that these appealing properties cannot be exploited in bulk materials, but only in thin films. 

To improve the operational stability, low work function metals such as Mg and Li are alloyed with more stable metals with higher work function, such as A1 or Ag, and used as cathode material. Most simply, the polymeric layer consists of a single layer. Multilayer structures of different polymers are more common. Multilayer organic devices, such as are conventionally constructed in a sequential manner ... 

A key application for these materials involves the creation of electrostatic superlattices by layer-by-layer assembly [135-138]. The technique involves the sequential adsorption of polycationic and polyanionic monolayers from aqueous solutions to form nanoscale multilayer polymer films of controlled thickness. Such film architectures can be manipulated to achieve unique physical properties, and orchestrated for the construction of a range of devices. For example, well-characterized organic/organo-metallic polymer electrostatic superlattices have been prepared by alternate adsorp-... 

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