Polymer-gold composites

N. Fujiwara, K. Asaka, Y. Nishimura, K. Oguro and E. Torikai, Preparation of gold-solid polymer electrolyte composites as electric stimuli-responsive materials, Chem. Mater., 2000, 12, 1750-1754. 

Ruiyi, L., Qianfang, X., Zaijun, L., Xiulan, S., and Junkang, L. [2013]. Electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of microcystin-LR based on giaphene-gold nanocomposite/fiinctional conducting polymer/gold nanoparticle/ionic liquid composite film with electrodeposition. Biosens. Bioelectron., 44, pp. 235-240. 

Deniz AE, Vural HA, Oitac B, Uyar T (2011) Gold nanoparticle/polymer nanofibrous composites by laser ablation and electrospinning. Mat Lett 65 2941-2943... 

Figure 5.5 Chemical plating of gold onto the surface of the ion exchange polymer using a cationic gold complex such as dichlorophenanthrolinegold (III) (Reprinted with permission from Fujiwara, N., Asaka, K., Nishimura, Y. et al. Preparation of Gold-Solid Polymer Electrolyte Composites As Electric Stimuli-Responsive Materials, Chem. of Mat., 12 (6), 1750—4. Copyright (1999) American Chemical Society).

The ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC, which is also known as ICPF in the robotics field) [10, 11] is one of the electroactive polymers that have shown potential for practical applications. The IPMC is an chemically plated electroactive polymer (EAP) material that bends when subjected to a voltage across its thickness (Figure 8.1). A Nafion-gold composite type IPMC [12], which contained the sodium ion, has a relatively good... 

Liming, Z., Ruiyi, L., Zaijun, L. et al. (2012) An immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 with an enhanced electrochemical performance based on graphene/conducting polymer/gold nanoparticles/the ionic liquid composite film on modified gold electrode with electrodeposition. Sens. Actuators, B, 174, 359-365. 

Fujiwara N, Asaka K, Nishimura Y et al (2000) Preparation of gold — solid polymer electrolyte composites as electric stimuli-responsive materials. Chem Mater 12(6) 1750-1754 Fukushima T, Asaka K, Kosaka A et al (2005) Fully plastic actuator through layer-by-layer casting with ionic-liquid-based bucky gel. Angew Chem hit Ed 44 2410-2413 Gao R, Wang D, Heflin JR et al (2012) Imidazolium sulfonate-containing pentablock copolymer-ionic liquid membranes for electroactive actuators. J Mater Chem 22 13473-13476 Gogotsi Y, Nikitin A, Ye H et al (2003) Nanoporous carbide-derived carbon with tunable pore size. Nat Mater 2(9) 591-594... 

Polyaniline-gold composites Examination of chemical properties of polymer with and without gold clusters [102]... 

In recent years, research on polymer-metal nanoeomposites and their properties has attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in catalysts, electronics and non-linear optics. Polymer-metal composites consist of polymer and metal particles on the surface or interior (core) of the polymer matrix." They exhibit various properties depending on the type of metal and polymer, especially the former. These composites not only combine the advantageous properties of polymers and metals but also exhibit many new characteristics that single-phase materials do not have. Precious metals such as silver and gold have been studied most extensively among polymer-metal nanoeomposites." Many polymer-metal nanoeomposites have been prepared in one step with y-irradiation in an aqueous solution. Choi et al. reported on polyester-silver and nylon-silver nanoeomposites prepared by the dispersion of silver nanoparticles, which were prepared by y-irradiation, on to polyester and nylon during condensation polymerization to obtain antibacterial fibers." It was found that the silver nanoparticles aggregated in the polyester matrix, whereas the silver nanoparticles dramatically dispersed in the nylon matrix. 

Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites or IPMCs, are one type of electroactive polymers that display remarkable shape-altering properties. Most IPMCs are made up of a polymer membrane contained within metal electrodes, which are typically gold or platinum. When an IPMC is hydrated, counter-ions can move freely away from stationary anions toward an electrode when an electric current is induced. This is due to the hydrating liquid s effect of solvating the cation. The result is the IPMC s deflection toward the anode. IPMC membranes have advantages over traditional actuators in the fact that they lack moving parts and require very small voltages to operate. 

Much of the early work on fretting was confined to mild steel or carbon steel. Although many of the same principles apply to the fretting of other metals such as gold , titanium and the superalloystheir reaction to the environment may be a more significant factor. In addition, non-metallic materials such as polymers composites and ceramics are becoming widely applied and the principles of contact here are very dififerent from the metallic case. 

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