Polymer chemistry tools

Since 1971 phase transfer catalysis has emerged as a broadly useful tool(9-16). not only in organic chemistry, but also in inorganic chemistry(17), for new analytical applications(18), in electrochemistry(27a), photochemistry(27b), and especially in polymer chemistry.(21.27-31) The substantial number of publications, patents, reviews, and books (200 to 400 per year since 1980) concerned with PTC in both scientific and commercial applications attests to the high level of interest that this technique has generated. 

The early, independent work of Starks, Markosa and Brandstrom from ca. 1965-1969, brought into focus with Starks classical paper in 1971, showed PTC to be potent and versatile synthetic tool.[1-4] Since that time, the well-documented investigations of PTC have been massive and vigorous.[5-7] In polymer chemistry PTC was effectively exploited first in anionic addition polymerization and more recently has been extended to condensation polymerization.[5,8-9] However, until a very few years ago, the use of solid-liquid PTC systems in polycondensation has for the most part escaped this intensive scrutiny. Consequently, some time ago we began a rather broad study into the use of solid-liquid PTC to effect polycondensations.[10]... 

The combination of the above techniques with TLC, HPLC, UV-vis spectroscopy, and other emerging spectroscopic tools demonstrates that the abihty to construct a wide variety of different dendritic structures is matched by the ability to determine accurately and confirm those structures. This permits the purposeful design and preparation of tailor-made dendrimers with a degree of structural confidence that is unparalleled in synthetic polymer chemistry. 

Patent Applications A Tool for Identifying Advances in Polymer Chemistry R D. By Thomas F. DeRosa Copyright 2009 John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

Patent applications a tool for identifying advances in polymer chemistry R D / Thomas F. DeRosa, p. cm. 

Combinatorial chemistry has moved from specially centralized laboratories, often equipped with multimillion-dollar robots, onto the bench of individual medicinal chemists. This change in direction requires the availability of personal chemistry tools that are simple to operate, easy to arrange in the laboratory, and reasonably priced. Such instruments are now available for the effective synthesis of combinatorial libraries. The Encore synthesizer represents a simple and efficient personal chemistry tool that allows the execution of directed split-and-pool combinatorial synthesis. The current version of the Encore synthesizer is designed for solid-phase synthesis on SynPhase Lanterns however, it can be modified for synthesis on alternative solid supports such as resin plugs from Polymer Laboratories (e.g., StratoSpheres Plugs). 

A significant portion, as high as 70% with new tools, of research time is dedicated to purely methods development. Methods development is necessary, as polymer chemistries, properties, and applications are extremely diverse. A portion of this methods development is focused on how to handle different materials, such as butyl rubber versus low-density polyethylene. However, the largest portion of methods development is dedicated to data correlation. 

The large chemical shift range of fluorine-19 is such that changes in a molecule three or four bonds from the fluorine-19 nucleus result in a measurable chemical shift change. Thus chemical shift data provide a particularly sensitive tool for identifying structural changes or differences in complex molecules and examples of this taken from biological and polymer chemistry are discussed in Sections III.E and III.F. 

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