Polyhydroxyalkanoates properties

Choddk I., Polyhydroxyalkanoates Properties and modification for high volume apphcations, in Degradable Polymers, Principles and Applications, Ed. Scott G., 2nd Edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 2002, p. 295. Chambers R., Daly J.H., Hayward D., liggat J.J., J. Mater. Sci., 36,2001,3785-3792. 

Chodak I (2002) Polyhydroxyalkanoates properties and modification for high volume applications. In Scott G, editor. Degradable polymers - principles and applications. Dordrecht/Boston/London Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 295-319. 

POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES PROPERTIES AND MODIFICATION FOR HIGH VOLUME APPLICATIONS... 

Chodak I (2002) Polyhydroxyalkanoates Properties and modification for high volume applications in Scott G, ed.. Degradable Polymers Principles and Applications, 2nd edn, Kluwer Acad. Pub., Chapter 9. 

Other blends such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with cellulose acetate (208), PHA with polycaprolactone (209), poly(lactic acid) with poly(ethylene glycol) (210), chitosan and cellulose (211), poly(lactic acid) with inorganic fillers (212), and PHA and aUphatic polyesters with inorganics (213) are receiving attention. The different blending compositions seem to be limited only by the number of polymers available and the compatibiUty of the components. The latter blends, with all natural or biodegradable components, appear to afford the best approach for future research as property balance and biodegradabihty is attempted. Starch and additives have been evaluated ia detail from the perspective of stmcture and compatibiUty with starch (214). 

Polyhydric alcohols, 2 46-55 analysis, 2 52-53 chemical reactions, 2 46-50 economic aspects, 2 52 health and safety factors, 2 53 manufacture, 2 50-52 physical properties of, 2 48t uses of, 2 53-54 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA),... 

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a biodegradable and biocompatible thermoplastic that can be synthesized in many microoiganisms from almost all genera of the microbial kingdom. Many microoiganisms synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as intracellular carbon and energy reserve materials [1]. These microbial polyesters materials are thermoplastics with biodegradable properties [2]. PHAs are usually accumulated... 

TABLE 1. Physical Properties of Selected Polyhydroxyalkanoate Derivatives Containing Amide or Sulfonic Acid Components Prepared According to the Current Invention... 

Polyester is a general term referring to any polymer where the monomers are linked by ester bonds and includes the biodegradable microbially derived polyhydroxyalkanoates, which, as they are naturally produced, are beyond the scope of this article (for a review see Kim Rhee, 2003). Most synthetic polyesters in large-scale use are the aromatic poly(ethylene tetraphthalate) or poly(butylene tetraphthalate) polyesters as they have excellent material properties and are used in a wide range of applications including plastic containers, fibres for synthetic fabrics, films... 

Peters, V., Becher, D., and Rehm, B.H.A. (2007) The inherent property of polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase to form spherical PHA granules at the cell poles the core region is required for polar localization. J. Biotechnol., 132, 238-245. 

The synthesis of bacterial storage compounds is reviewed in Chapter 10, focusing on two systems, namely polyhydroxyalkanoic acids and cyanophycin. Bacterial storage compounds are very interesting biopolymers having attractive material properties, sometimes similar to those of the petrochemical-based polymers. 

An important development of orthopaedic implants has been the development of artificial composites, which when combined with biomolecules will induce osteogenesis. The properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) materials have been studied over the years with a view to increasing elasticity. Because biocompatibility has been a problem when HA has been combined with various polyethylenes and polysulphones, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and its chemical composites, a polymer of hydroxybutyric acid (PHB), copolymers of hydroxybutyric acid and... 

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is an attractive material because it can be produced from renewable resources and because of its plastic-like properties. In addition, PHA can be degraded by the action of microbial enzymes. Although PHA resanbles some commodity plastics, the performance and cost of PHA are not yet good enough for widespread applications as plastic materials. Therefore, the PHA commercialization attempts by many industries for bulk applications have been challenging. However, PHA also possesses interesting properties that can be developed for non-plastic applications. This chapter describes some new niche applications for PHA in cosmetics and wastewater treatment. 

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