Polyesters novel unsaturated

R.S., Kulkarni, K.S., and Phadke, V.K. (1997) 3-step polyesterification process for the synthesis of novel unsaturated polyester to be used as an inhibitor for CMDB propellants. Indian Patent 178141. 

Attia, 1. A., Abdilhalia, M. S., and Abdelazim, A. A., Synthesis and characterization of some novel unsaturated polyester resins containing amide groups. Polymer Bull., 34, 377, 1995. 

The purpose of this review is to report on the recent developments in the macromolecular engineering of aliphatic polyesters. First, the possibilities offered by the living (co)polymerization of (di)lactones will be reviewed. The second part is devoted to the synthesis of block and graft copolymers, combining the living coordination ROP of (di)lactones with other living/controlled polymerization mechanisms of other cyclic and unsaturated comonomers. Finally, several examples of novel types of materials prepared by this macromolecular engineering will be presented. 

Various a-methylenemacrolides were enzymatically polymerized to polyesters having polymerizable methacrylic methylene groups in the main chain (Fig. 3, left). The free-radical polymerization of these materials produced crosslinked polymer gels [10, 12]. A different chemoenzymatic approach to crosslinked polymers was recently introduced by van der Meulen et al. for novel biomedical materials [11]. Unsaturated macrolactones like globalide and ambrettolide were polymerized by enzymatic ROP. The clear advantage of the enzymatic process is that polymerizations of macrolactones occur very fast as compared to the chemically catalyzed reactions [13]. Thermal crosslinking of the unsaturated polymers in the melt yielded insoluble and fully amorphous materials (Fig. 3, right). 

Other modifications of vegetable oils in polymer chemistry include the introduction of alkenyl functions, the study of novel polyesters and polyethers and the synthesis of semi-interpenetrating networks based on castor oil (the triglyceride of ricinoleic acid) [42], and also the production of sebacic acid and 10-undecenoic acid from castor oil [44]. Additionally, the recent application of metathesis reactions to unsaturated fatty acids has opened a novel avenue of exploitation leading to a variety of interesting monomers and polymers, including aliphatic polyesters and polyamides previously derived from petrochemical sources [42, 45]. 

El Badawi N, Ramadan AR, Esawi AMK, El-Morsi M (2014) Novel carbon nanotube-cellulose acetate nanocomposite membranes for water filtration applications. Desalination 344 79-85 Esteban EU-B, Matthew JK, Virginia AD (2013) Dispersion and rheology of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in unsaturated polyester resin. Macromolecules 46(4) 1642-1650 Fang L, Xue Y, Lin H, Shuai C (2011) Friction properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced nitrile composites under water lubricated condition. Adv Mater Res 284—286 611-614 Fangming D, John EF, Karen IW (2003) Coagulation method for preparing single-walled carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites and their modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. J Pol) Sci Part B Polym Phys 41(24) 3333-3338... 

Kim, D.S. and Chan-Park, C.E. (1994) Mechanisms of modified unsaturated polyester with novel liquid polyurethane rubber. Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 70, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 104-105. 

Abbati, M., MartusceUi, E., Musto, P., Ragosta, G., and Scarinzi, G., Maleated polyisobutylene A novel toughener for unsaturated polyester resins, J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 58, 1825, 1995. 

Agraval, J. P. Sarvade, D. B. Makashir, P. S. Mahajan, R. R. Dendage, P. S., Thermal degradation studies of novel diethylene glycol based unsaturated polyesters in air, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 62, 9 (1998). 

Soybean oil is an abundant annually renewable resource. It is composed of triglycerides with long chain saturated and unsaturated hitty acids. The presence of these unsaturated tty acids results in poor oxidative stability. However, this enhanced reactivity also allows for chemical modification to introduce new functionalities to the oil. A novel single-step catalytic ozonolysis and in-situ reaction will be described. The reaction proceeds rapidly and efficiently at room temperature in the absence of solvents. The catalytic ozonolysis reaction has been used to reduce the unsaturation in soybean oil, and successfiiliy prepare a number of potentially useful materials such as bio-lubricants with good thermal/oxidative stability, bio-diesel with thermal properties comparable to that of Diesel Fuel 2, and bio-plastic intermediates such as polyols, polyesters, and polyamides. This new class of soy-based materials is competitive both in cost and performance to petroleum based nuterials and offers the added advantage of being environmentally friendly and sustainable. 

FIGURE 10.8 Probable crosslinking reaction between the three component bioblends described by Das et al. (2011). From Das, K Ray, D., Banerjee, C Bandyopadhyay, N.R., Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M., 2011. Novel materials from unsaturated polyester resin/styrene/tung oil blends with high impact strengths and enhanced mechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 119, 2174-2182, reproduced with permission of John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 

The present invention relates to novel tertiary amines derived from bisphenols, diepoxides and aromatic secondary amines, to a process for their preparation and to their use as hardening accelerators for ethylenically unsaturated cold hardenable acrylic and polyester resins. 

In this study, a novel proach is plied to prepare polymer composites reinforced by both nanoparticles and long fibers. Carbon nanofibers were pre-boimd onto glass fiber mats, and then unsaturated polyester conposites were synthesized through vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. These composites were compared with those synthesized by pre-mixing carbon nanofibers into the polymer resin. Mechanical and thermal properties of composites were measured. Flexural strength and modulus of composites were improved with the incorporation of nanoparticles. It was also found that carbon nanofibers increased the glass transition temperature and reduced the thermal expansion coefficients of imsaturated polyester resin. 

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