Polyelectrolytes synthesis

Results and Discussion. Of the 12 samples of starch graft copolymer synthesized, half were hydrolyzed to anionic polyelectrolytes. Synthesis data on these 6 samples are given in Table 2. These particular samples were chosen for hydrolysis because the samples can be intercompared to see the effect of synthesis variables on ultimate product properties. Samples 5, 8, and 11 have the same mole ratio of cerium ion to starch backbone, N, in their reaction mixture. Samples 7, 8, and 9 all have the same refctable mass per starch molecule,... 

Pinto MR, Schanze KS (2002) Conjugated polyelectrolytes synthesis and applications. Synthesis 9 1293-1309... 

Polyelectrolytes may be synthesized by a variety of post-functionalization techniques in which ionogenic groups are introduced into the structure of an existing nonionic polymer. For an excellent review of polymer functionalization reactions the reader is referred to the recent book by Akelah and Moet [65]. In this paper, representative examples of the major polymer modification techniques for polyelectrolyte synthesis will be presented. 

Due to the pronounced tolerance of the Suzuki reaction towards additional functional groups in the monomers, precursor strategies as well as so called direct routes can be applied for polyelectrolyte synthesis. However, the latter possibility, where the ionic functionalities are already present in the monomers, was rejected. The reason is too difficult determination of molecular information by means of ionic polymers. Therefore the decision was to apply precursor strategies (Scheme 1). Here, the Pd-catalyzed polycondensation process of monomers A leads to a non-ionic PPP precursor B which can be readily characterized. Then, using sufficiently efficient and selective macro-molecular substitution reactions, precursor B can be transformed into well-defined PPP polyelectrolytes D, if appropriate via an activated intermediate C. 

A positive side-effect of the new strategy is a clearly simplified and accelerated polyelectrolyte synthesis the monomers are quickly available and the time-consuming ether cleavage is no longer necessary. Despite the fact that not all desired materials could yet be obtained, we nevertheless can recon-... 

R. Rulkens, M. Schulze, G. Wegner, Rigid-rod polyelectrolytes - synthesis of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene)s, Macromolecular Rapid Communications 1994,15, 669. 

Kubo, M., Nishigawa, T, Uno, T. etal. (2003) Cyclic polyelectrolyte synthesis of cyclic polyfacrylic acid) and cyclic... 

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