Conjugated polyelectrolytes synthesis

Pinto MR, Schanze KS (2002) Conjugated polyelectrolytes synthesis and applications. Synthesis 9 1293-1309... 

Xu Q, An L, Wang S (2008) Design and synthesis of a new conjugated polyelectrolyte as a reversible pH sensor. Macromol Rapid Commun 29 390-395... 

Most early studies of conjugated polyelectrolytes and their synthesis relied on preparations that followed the direct method. Here we provide some summary examples of polymers that are prepared by the direct route, with a brief discussion of the properties of the resulting polymers. 

Henson ZB, Zhang Y, Nguyen T-Q, Seo JH, Bazan GC (2013) Synthesis and properties of two cationic narrow band Gap conjugated polyelectrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 135 4163-4166... 

Conjugated polymers like poly(l,4-phenylene-vinylene), PPV, or more generally Poly(arylene-vinylenes), PAVs have evoked considerable interest as electrically conductive and nonlinear optical materials. More recently, electroluminescence properties of PPV have attracted substantial attention, since it was first reported in 1990. Direct synthesis of PPV has been limited by its insolubility. Hence, the most commonly used routes are based on soluble polymer precursors or soluble conjugated precursors. The latter process is also commonly referred to as the sulfonium-based polyelectrolyte precursor route. PPV thin films from these solution-based routes, however, have problems related to contamination by solvents and oxidative defects in the polymer. C VP is an alternate method for the deposition of high quality thin films of PPV. Reported first by Iwatsuki et al., it was investigated for electroluminescence applications by Staring et al. ... 

Cheminet, N., Jarrosson, T., Lere-Porte, J.-P., Serein-Spirau, F., Cury, L, Moreau, J., Viau, L., and Vioux, A. (2011) One pot synthesis of fluorescent Jt-conjugated materials immobilization of phenylene-ethynylene polyelectrolytes in silica confined ionogels. /. Mater. Ghent., 21, 13588-13593. 

Recently [49] the advanced procedure for the synthesis of protein-polyelectrolyte conjugates using reversed micelles as microreactors has been proposed, which permits easy control of their composition and results in high yields. Hence, it may stimulate some additional efforts in the study and application of IPEC incorporated proteins. 

Although most of the research on PECs has been done by mixing the two polyelectrolyte types, this approach is not possible for the PEDOTPSS complex. Similar to most charged conjugated polymers, the PEDOT polycation is not soluble in any solvent. Therefore the synthesis of this polycation needs to be performed in the presence of PSS so that the PEC complex is formed in situ as the polycation chain grows. This requirement forms a strong limitation for the analysis of PEDOT since a cationic PEDOT chain can only be obtained in combination with a suitable polyanion as PEC. 

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