Substituent groups derivatives

Radicals from Ring Systems. Univalent substituent groups derived from polycyclic hydrocarbons are named by changing the final e of the hydrocarbon name to -yl. The carbon atoms having free valences are given locants as low as possible consistent with the fixed numbering of the... 

R designates a substituent group derived from a parent hydride by loss of a hydrogen atom. 

The substituent groups derived from cycloalkanes by removing one hydrogen are named by replacing the ending -ane of the hydrocarbon with -yl... 

Table 1.3 Some Alkanes and Substituent Groups Derived from Them... 

Most organic compounds can be derived from alkanes. In addition, many important parts of organic molecules contain one or more alkane groups, minus a hydrogen atom, bonded as substituents onto the basic organic molecule. As a consequence of these factors, the names of many organic compounds are based on alkanes. It is useful to know the names of some of the more common alkanes and substituent groups derived from them, as shown in Table 1.3. 

Radicals and substituent groups derived from parent hydrides by removal of one or more hydrogen atoms are named by modifying the parent hydride name as follows ... 

As noted in the introduction to Chapter 5, the substituent group derived by the loss of an H from benzene is a phenyl group (Ph) that derived by the loss of an H from the methyl group of toluene is a benzyl group (Bn) ... 

A substituent group derived from an alkane by the removal of a hydrogen atom is called an alkyl group it is commonly represented by the symbol R—. We name allgrl groups by dropping the -ane from the name of the parent alkane and adding the suffix -yl. The substituent derived from mefhane, for example, is methyl, CHj—and that derived from ethane is ethyl, CHjCH —. 

Alkane Substituent groups derived from alkane ... 

Saturated hydrocarbons are classified by the parent name alkanes substituent groups derived from them are called alkyl (or alkanyl, see below) groups. The naming system is based on the unbranched members of the homologous series C H2 +1 of which only the first four are designated by trivial names. 

The names of substituent groups derived from fused hydrocarbons are obtained, as repeatedly described, by attaching the syllables... 

Substituent groups derived from the ring systems treated in this chapter are named as usual ... 

The notion of a substituent , which has already been repeatedly used in the discussions of substituent groups derived from parent structures, will obviously occupy a central position in the following sections and therefore requires a broadened definition. 

Substituent groups derived from alcohols are characterized by the ending. ..yloxy. 

Trivial names of freely substitutable polynitrogen parent structures as recommended for further use by lUPAC and the most important substituent groups derived therefrom are compiled in Table 13. Differing names and numberings as employed by Chem. Abstr. are enclosed in parentheses. 

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