Polychlorinated dibenzofuranes

A second sampling program in Southern California sampled for polychlorinated dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans at seven locations (9). Because of the semivolatile nature of these compounds, a tandem sampler was used with a glass fiber filter to collect the particulate-associated compo-... 

TCDD is the most potent inducer of chloracne. This has been well known since the accident in Seveso, Italy, in 1976 in which large amounts of TCDD were distributed in the environment subsequent to an explosion in a factory that produced a chlorophenoxy herbicide, 2,4,5-T. TCDD is an impurity produced during the production of 2,4,5-T. The most common long-term effect of TCDD exposure was chloracne. Exposed individuals also suffered increased excretion of porphyrins, hyper-pigmentation, central nervous system effects, and liver damage and increased risk of cancer was a long-term consequence of the exposure. In addition to TCDD, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and polychloronaphthalens cause chloracne as well as other effects typical of TCDD. 7i... 

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in marine products and estimation of exposure through fishes and shellfishes 97YZ850. 

In general, capillary gas chromatography provides enough resolution for most determinations in environmental analysis. Multidimensional gas chromatography has been applied to environmental analysis mainly to solve separation problems for complex groups of compounds. Important applications of GC-GC can therefore be found in the analysis of organic micropollutants, where compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) (10), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (10) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (11-15), on account of their similar properties, present serious separation problems. MDGC has also been used to analyse other pollutants in environmental samples (10, 16, 17). 

Takada S, M Nakamura, T Matsueda, R Kondo, K Sakai (1996) Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-/ -dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by the white rot fnngns Phanerochaete sordida YK-624. Appl Environ Microbiol 62 4323-4328. 

Long, G., J. McKinney, and L. Pedersen. 1987. Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran (PCDF) Binding to the Ah Receptor(s) and Associated Enzyme Induction. Theoretical Model based on Molecular Parameters. Quant. Struct.-Act. Relat. 6, 1. 

Li, X.-W., Shibata, E., Kasai, E., Nakamura, T. (2004) Vapor pressures and enthalpies of sublimation of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and five polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 23, 348-354. 

Mader, B.T., Pankow, J.F. (2003) Vapor pressures of the polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and the polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Atmos. Environ. 37, 3103-3114. 

C. Rappe and R. Lindahl, "Formation of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs) from the Pyrolysis of Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers,"Chemosphere, 2, 351 (1980). 

PCDDs/Fs Polychlorinated dibenzo-/ -dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans... 

Ankley, G.T., G.J. Niemi, K.B. Lodge, HJ. Harris, D.L. Beaver, D.E. Tillitt, R.R. Schwartz, J.P. Giesy, P.D. Jones, and C. Hagley. 1993. Uptake of planar polychlorinated biphenyls and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dihenxo-p-dioxins by birds nesting in the lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 24 332-344. 

Boddington, M.J., A.P. Gilman, R.C. Newhook, B.M. Braune, D.J. Hay, and V. Shantora. 1990. Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Priority Substances List Assessment Report No. 1 Polychlorinated Diben-zodioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans. 56 pp. Available from Commercial Chemicals Branch, Environment Canada, 351 St. Joseph Blvd., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OH3... 

Cooper, K.R. 1989. Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on aquatic organisms. Rev. Aquatic Sciences 1 227-242. 

Loonen, H., J.R. Parsons, and H.A.J. Govers. 1994a. Effect of sediment on the bioaccumulation of a complex mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by fish. Chemosphere 28 1433-1446. 

Van den Berg, M., F. Blank, C. Heremans, H. Wagenaar, and K. Olie. 1987. Presence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in fish-eating birds and fish from the Netherlands. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 149-158. 

Creaser, C.S. and A. Al-Haddad. 1989. Fractionation of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-/r-dioxins. and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on porous graphite. Anal. Chem. 61 1300-1302. 

Dioxins is a generalized name of the large group of polychlorinated dibenzoparadioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF). 

In this section we will consider the exposure pathways of POPs to human beings on the example of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans... 

Figure 19. General formulas of polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins, PCDDs (left) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDFs (right).

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