Polybithiophenes

Xi D, Pei Q (2007) In situ preparation of free-standing nanoporous alumina template for polybithiophene nanotube arrays with a concourse base. Nanotechnology 18 095602... 

Xi D, Zhang H, Furst S, Chen B, Pei Q (2008) Electrochemical synthesis and photovoltaic property of cadmium sulfide-polybithiophene interdigitated nanohybrid thin films. J Phys ChemC 112 19765-69... 

SA1391). Poly(3-methoxythiophene-polybithiophene composite film shows an absorption at 510 nm (99PCCP1731). 

CdS, CdSe e.c.p./catalyst hybrid polypyrrole/ polybithiophene/RuCh 155... 

Nicolau, Y.F., Moser, P. (1993) Study of free volume and crystallinity in polybithiophene and poly(3-methylthiophene) . J. Poly. Sci. B Polymer Physics. 31,1529. 

J. W. Schultze and K. G. Jung, Regular nanostructured systems formed electrochemically Deposition of electroactive polybithiophene into porous silicon, Electrochim. Acta 40(10), 1369, 1995. 

A remarkably large open circuit voltage was recently observed by Patyk et al. for P30T SWNT blends prepared on top of an electrochemically deposited polybithiophene layer [328]. Beforehand the SWNTs were modified by... 

Pradhan B, Batabyal SK, Pal AJ (2006) Functionalized carbon nanotubes in donor/acceptor-type photovoltaic devices. Appl Phys Lett 88 093106 Patyk RL, Lomba BS, Nogueira AF, Furtado CA, Santos AP, Mello RMQ, Micaroni L, HUmmelgen lA (2007) Carbon nanotube-polybithiophene photovoltaic devices with high open-circuit voltage. Phys Status Solidi RRL 1 43... 

Figure 2 shows the infrared spectra of both the as-grown oxidized polybithiophene (a) and the neutral polybithiophene (b). The peak which appears at 800 cm- is due to a C-H out-of-plane vibration (14) and is characteristic of 2,5 disubstitution. The C-H stretching mode at 2950 cm l is also characteristic of 2,5 disubstitution. Peaks present in the 1400-1500 cm- range are probably connected with a ring-stretching absorption. (14)... 

The oxidized polybithiophene has a weak absorption at 617 cm-- -. This is assignable to the CIO 4 anion, also present, but obscured by the C-H in-plane deformation is a stronger CIO4 anion absorption at 1080 cm. Both spectra contain spurious peaks at 3480 cm-- -, most likely due to residual moisture in the KBr. 

Figure 2. Infrared spectra of (a) as-grown oxidized polybithiophene, (b) and the neutral polybithiophene.

Figure 7. Scanning electron micrograph of oxidized polybithiophene showing globular growth occurring during early stages of polymerization.

Electron diffraction from thin films of polybithiophene perchlorate indicates some crystallinity, and yet the crystallites are so small and the degree of crystallinity so low that an unambiguous structural determination from the diffraction pattern was not possible. 

In poly(3-alkylthiophene Mabboux et ai reported a comparative study of the spin dynamics by H NMR Tjjj and found a remarkable difference of the on-chain diffusion rate up to two orders of magnitude higher in both polyhexylthiophene and a diblock polystyrene— polythiophene co-polymer doped with BF4" than in both polybithiophene and polydimethyltetrathiophene doped with BF4 [375]. They ascribed such observations to degrees of structural order. 

No racemization was observed when the electrode potential was scanned only to a value where the dianion is formed. Upon formation of the tetraanion, subsequent chemical reactions were found. With a slightly different electrolyte salt (Mc4NBF4 instead of BU4NF6), reversibility without racemization was found even up to the tetraanion formation. Further examples include the spectroelectrochemistry of vitamin D2 [139], which has been studied with a long pathlength cell similar to the design described by Zak et al. [44]. Optical rotary dispersion and CD of optically active polybithiophene that has been electropolymerized in a cholesteric electrolyte have been studied [140]. The optical rotation of this chiral polymer could be controlled via the electrode potential. 

Investigated examples include the determination of the spatial distribution of a polymer, solvent and mobile species in poly( -toluidine) [983, 984] and polybithiophene [989] films, film swelling and solvent content in electroactive films containing transition metal complexes [988, 985], postdeposition modified electroactive polymers [986] and organic adsorbate layers [987]. The method allows also the investigation of buried interfaces in bilayer systems of various polymers [988]. 

Figure 3.8 Simultaneous 1 gm by 1 gm images of topography (left) and phase (right) for a thin electrochemically deposited polybithiophene film. The deposition charge was 5.7 mC cm. The images show the beginning of formation of the second polymer layer. (Reprinted with permission from Journal of Physical Chemistry C, ATM Phase Imaging of Electropolymerized Polybithiophene Films at Different Stages of Their Growth by Kevin D. O Nei et ai., Ill, 40. Copyright (2007) American Chemical Society)...

Figure 3.9 Schematic view of the cell used for in situ ECAFM measurement. (Reprinted with permission from Electrochimica Acta, In situ atomic force microscopy in the study of electrogeneration of polybithiophene on Pt electrode by M. Innocent , F. Logio, L. Pigani et ai, 50, 7-8. Copyright (2005) Elsevier Ltd)...

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