Polybase Ionenes as Templates

The system with very strong interaction between monomer and template was studied by Blumstein at Polybase ionenes were used as templates. A set of ionenes such as 

The formation of complexes involved two steps. In the first step, the ionene bromide was converted to ionene hydroxide by replacing the Br ions with OH ions. In the second step, the equivalent quantities of acid and ionene were mixed together. Polymerizations were carried out mostly in water-isopropanol solution. AIBN or 4,4-azobis-4-cyanovaleric acid was used as initiator. Polymerization of p-styrene sulfonic acid onto various ionenes was studied as a function of the charge density of the template. It was shown that a linear dependence of rate on charge density prevailed. From the results obtained, the authors concluded that the monomeric counterions possess mobility along the linear template. PolyCvinyl sulfonate) prepared on the template displays a different stereo-structure from polyCvinyl sulfonate) prepared in solution. 

Tsuchida described polymerization of methacrylic acid and acrylic acid in the presence of equimolar concentration of polycation. At high pH, the monomer molecules are fully adsorbed by the template. According to the authors the polymerizing system has the following structure  

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