Polyamide spin dyeing

P.Y.177 which was introduced to the market a few years ago, is not listed anymore as a commercial product. It was a special-purpose pigment for polypropylene and polyamide spin dyeing. As a colorant for these media, P.Y.177 has the added advantage of enhancing the stability of the fibers. 

Palamid [BA AG] Mast atches ctforganfc and inorganic ttyes in polyamide Ux polyamide spin dyeing. 

P.Y.110 lends color to polystyrene and styrene containing plastics. It is a suitable candidate for unsaturated polyester and other cast resins, as well as for polyurethane. P.Y.110 is used to an appreciable extent in polypropylene spin dyeing, it is very lightfast in this medium. It is utilized in polyacrylonitrile spin dyeing and sometimes also in polyamide. Its fastness properties, however, especially its lightfastness, do not meet special application conditions (Sec. 1.8.3.8). 

P.B.15 1, like other types of Copper Phthalocyanine, find extensive use in the spin dyeing of polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, secondary acetate, viscose rayon, and spun rayon. In these, as in other media, P.B.15 1 is very lightfast, and its textile fastness properties are almost entirely if not entirely satisfactory. 

P.B.15 3, like stabilized a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, markedly affects the hardening of unsaturated polyester cast resins. The list of applications also includes PUR foam materials, office articles, such as colored pencils, wax crayons, and water colors, as well as spin dyeing of polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, secondary acetate, polyamide, polyester, and viscose. Used in polyester spin dyeing, P.B.15 3 satisfies the thermal requirements of the condensation process (Sec. 1.8.3.8). 1/3 and 1/25 SD samples equal step 7-8 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. Textile fastnesses, such as stability to wet and dry crocking are perfect. 

This pigment is a special-purpose product for the spin dyeing of polyamide. 

The pigment has recently been introduced to the market. It is a specialty product for the spin dyeing of polyamide. P.Y.192 provides somewhat dull reddish yellow shades. 1/3 SD colorations with and without TiOz are thermally stable up to 300°C. Even samples which are formulated at very low pigment concentrations completely maintain their color. The pigment offers excellent textile fastnesses, such as resistance to dry cleaning and dry heat at 200°C (Sec. 1.6.2.4). Besides,... 

Palami [BASF AG] Masterbatches organic and inorganic dyes in polyamide forpolyanude spin dyeing. 

Dimethylformamide (DMF) has been known since 1893, but since the 1950s, it has evolved as an important solvent. Its main uses are as a solvent for spinning acrylic fibers, polyurethane and polyamide coatings and films, PVC, polyacrylonitrile, extraction of aromatics from petroleum, selective solvent for removal of acid gases from natural gas, solvent for dyes, electrolyses in galvanization processes, and paint remover and cleaner [16]. By 1980, the worldwide production of DMF had grown equal to the production of formic acid at 220,000 metric tons per year [18]. By 1993 the U.S. production of formic acid was 30 to 35 mm pounds and DMF production had grown to 60 to 65 mm pounds. 

Swierenga and co-workers [79,80] in two articles described in detail their development of the calibration model used for PET measurements. Van Wijk et al. [72] summarized from their work that Raman spectroscopy can be used for determining the dye uptake or measuring one or more structural parameters or mechanical properties of polymeric fibers. Based on the results of their work, the authors stated that Raman spectroscopy was useful for studying melt-spinning thermoplastics, such as polyester, polyamide, polyolefins, and alternating copolymers of carbon monoxide and olefins so-called polyketones and, in addition, for polymers which are spun from solution such as cellulose, aromatic polyamides, polyketones, aromatic polyesters, and polyolefins. 

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