Polyacrylic acid protonation

Ionic conductivity can be found in polyelectrolytes such as the salts of polyacrylic acid, sulfonated polystyrene or quaternized polvamines (ion-exchange resins). When dry, these materials have low conductivities. However, in tiie presence of small amounts of polar solvents or water—some of these polyelectrolytes are somewhat hygroscopic electrical conductivity can be observed. The currents are earned by ions (protons, for instance). Such systems can only be used in cases where very small currents are expected. Large currents would result in observable electrochemical changes of the materials, In applications as antistatic electricity coatings, conductivities of 10-b ohm-1 cm-1 are sufficient,... 

G Olofsson, K Vlasenko. The influence of various monovalent counterions on the thermodynamics of proton dissociation of polyacrylic acids. Acta Chem Scand A36 485-488, 1982. 

Binding Isotherms. The degree of binding of silver ion 0Ag by polyacrylic acid at various initial values of the degree of proton dissociation a is presented in Figure 1 as a function of the molarity of free silver ion [Ag+]f. Both samples of polyacrylic acid are represented PAA-1 at a = 0.805 and PAA-2 at a = 0.410, 0.615, and 0.910. The polyacid concentrations were 0.06 monomolar, with the solvent in these as well as in the other experiments reported here being an aqueous 0.2M TMANO3 solution. 

In most cases, anionic water-soluble polymers such as poly(styrene-maleic anhydride), polyacrylic acid, etc., are apphed. These kinds of emulsifiers can influence the microcapsule preparation, mean particle size, and particle size distribution. By emulsification, an electric double layer generates on the dispersed phase. Then the electrostatic interactions between the protonated amino resin prepolymer and the negatively charged orgaific phase can act as a driving force, which enable the wall material polycondensate on the surface of the oil droplets but not throughout the whole water phase. ... 

Polyelectrolytes water-soluble polymers with many electrically charged groups per molecule. They form polyions on dissociation, either polyanions, as in the case of dissociated polyacrylic acid, or polycations, as in the case of protonated poly(vinylamine). They may also be polysalts, as in the case of the sodium salt of polyacrylic acid. 

Polyacrylic acid copolymers Aluminosilicate glass particle (proton donor) (pfoton acceptor)... 

The polyacrylates were synthesized with deuterium labels on the methine position on the backbone. The monomeric acrylates were made by the exchange of the methine proton on acrylonitrile with D2O, hydroquinone and CaO, as previously reported for iso-propyl acrylate.(i) The nitrile group was converted to the appropriate ester with the appropriate alcohol and sulfuric acid. Since our first report, a more facile synthesis of these monomers has been reported.(T) The polymerizations were carried out in toluene using azobis-/so-butyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The reaction scheme is given below. 

For preparation of acid-base membranes of this type, the used polyacids include polycar-boxylic acids, polyphosphonic acid, polysulfonic acid, as well as perfluorinated sulfonic acid membranes. Carboxylic acids and phosphoric acid are weak acids with pK ranging from 2 to 5 (see Fig. 3.1), showing a low proton conductivity of 10 S cm level in its crystalline state. When blended with a stronger base than water, e.g., benzimidazole, a high conductivity of 4 X 10 S cm was reported at 130 °C [78]. Bozkurt et al. [79] prepared polyacrylic... 

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