Poly electroactive composites

A polyanrline-poly(butyl acrylate-vinyl acetate) composite exhibiting electroactivity and having a conductivity of 2.2 S/cm was prepared by emulsion polymerization. The composite was soluble in common organic solvents and a stable water-based dispersion could also be prepared. Films cast from aqueous media had exceptional mechanical properties and had excellent adhesion to steel [144]. From the same group, a polyaniline and polyvinyl alcohol electroactive composite has been synthesized by... 

G. K. Elyashevich, M. A. Smirnov, 1. S. Kuryndin, md V. Bukosek. Electroactive composite systems containing high conductive polymer layers on poly(ethylene) porous films. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 17,700-704 (2006). 

Recently, we (82) and others (82-84) have shown that similar hetero-structures can be prepared by using two-dimensional inorganic sheets (made by exfoliation of various lamellar solids) in place of the organic polyanion. This technique offers a potentially powerful alternative to the construction of multi-component electron transfer systems, because it can, in principle, be used to stack up an arbitrary number of redox-active polymers without interpenetration (85). This chapter describes the preparation and photochemistry of simple multilayer composites on high-surface-area silica. Specifically, the synthesis and electron transfer kinetics of systems containing a polycationic sensitizer, poly-[Ru(bpy)2(vbpy)(Cl)2] (1), (abbreviated [Ru(bpy)3 ]n bpy = 2,2 -bipytidine and vbpy = 4-vinyl-4 -methyl-2,2 -bipyridine), and an electron-acceptor polycation poly[(styrene-co-]V-vinylbenzyl-N -methyl-4,4 -bipyridine)(Cl)2] (2), (PS-MV ) are presented. Using a solution-phase electron donor, 3, as the third electroactive component, it was possible to prepare and study the photoinduced electron transfer reactions of several different diad and triad combinations. 

A mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide/tetrahydrofuran (THE) was used to obtain homogeneous blended nanofibers of an HCl-doped poly(aniline-co-3-aminobenzoic acid) (3ABA-PANI) copolymer and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for tissue engineering. Since the solvent system dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS0)/THF (50 50) is quite difficult to be removed from the nonwoven mats, the authors used a heated collector to facilitate solvent removal. This procedure can be considered essential in cases where nonwoven fiber mats will be used in cell growth. Besides, composite electroactive fibers achieve lower con-... 

ECL response of allopurinol in aqueous media over a wide pH range (pH 2-13) was studied by Chi et al. [97] They found that allopurinol itself does not have ECL activity but could generate the ECL of Ru(bpy)3 in alkaline media giving rise to a sensitive Fl-ECL response. Humic acid (HA) was used as modifier to prepare the organic-inorganic hybrid modified glassy carbon electrode based on HA-silica-PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) sol-gel composite. Electroactive species of Ru(bpy)3 interact with the HA-sUica-PVA films to form Ru(bpy)3 modified electrodes [98]. 

Raja M, Ryu SH, Shanmugharaj AM (2014) Influence of surface modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the mechanical and electroactive shape memray jnoptaties of polyurethane (PU)/ poly(vinylidene diflouride) (PVDE) composites. Colloids Surf A 450(l) 59-66 Rajdip B, Einat N-R, Oren R, Rachel Y-R (2002) Stabilization of individual carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions. Nano Lett 2(l) 25-28... 

If we look at the mechanistic and crystallographic aspects of the operation of poly-component electrodes, we see that the incorporation of electroactive species such as lithium into a crystalline electrode can occur in two basic ways. In the examples discussed above, and in which complete equilibrium is assumed, the introduction of the guest species can either involve a simple change in the composition of an existing phase by sohd solution or it can result in the formation of new phases with different crystal stractures from that of the initial host material. When the identity and/or amounts of phases present in the electrode change, the process is described as a reconstitution reaction. That is, the micro-structure is reconstituted. 

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