Pollen development

Procedure Pollen develops on the nutrition medium, forming pollen tube (Fig. 3). The nutrient medium for pollen was 10% sucrose solution and tested compounds were also dissolved in 10% sucrose. The pollen develops till the formation of pollen tube that lasts from 2-3 h (fresh collected and one week stored pollen) to 24 h (stored > 1 week, but < 1.5-2 months). All experiments were done at room temperature 20-22 °C. The growth occurred in the solution studied (0.05 ml = 1 drop) on the slides (object glasses) put on wet paper in Petri dishes. Five ml of water was added to the bottom of every dish and 4-5 dishes with the slides were used per treatment. Using light microscope, we determined the microspores germination (%) 2-24 h after moistening. The number of developed pollen tubes was counted. 

Preston J, Wheeler J, Heazlewood J, Li SF, Parish RW. 2004. AtMYB32 is required for normal pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 40 979-995. 

Kroh, M., Labarca, C., and Loewus, F., 1971, Utilization of pistil exudates for pollen tube wall biosynthesis in Lilium longiflorum. In Heslop-Harrison, J. (ed.), Pollen Development and Physiology. Butterworths, London, pp. 273-278. 

Gupta, R., Ting, J.T.L., Sokolov, L.N., Johnson, S.A. and Luan, S., 2002, A tumor suppressor homologue, AtPTENl, is essential for pollen development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 14 2495-2507. 

Rice—Lamina Inclination, Endogenous Levels in Plant Tissues and Accumulation during Pollen Development of Brassinosteroids... 

Marrs, K.A., E.S. Casey, S.A. Capitant, et al. 1993. Characterization of two maize HSP90 heat shock protein genes expression during heat shock, embryogenesis and pollen development. Dev. Genet. 14 27-41. 

STAGE-SPECIFIC PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM DURING POLLEN DEVELOPMENT... 

At the last stage of the sequence, different kaempferol-, quercetin- and Isorhaoinetln-glycosldes are accumulated as soon as an anthocyanln, delphinidln-3-rhamnoglucoslde, is accumulated in the end phase of pollen development. 

Barany, L, Fadon, B., Risueno, M.C. Testillano, P.S. (2010). Cell wall components and pectin esterification levels as markers of proliferation and differentiation events during pollen development and pollen embryogenesis in Capsicum annuum L. Journal of Experimental Botany Vol 61, No. 4, (January 2010), pp. 1159-1175, ISSN 0022-0957... 

Hause G, Hause B, van Lammeren AAM 1992. Microtubular and actin filament configurations during microspore and pollen development in Brassica napus cv. Topas. Canadian Journal of Botany 70 1369 -1376. 

Matsuno M, Compagnon V, Schoch GA, Schmitt M, Debayle D, Bassard JE, Pollet B, Hehn A, Heintz D, Ullmann P, Lapierre C, Bernier F, Ehlting J, Werck-Reichhart D (2009) Evolution of a novel phenolic pathway for pollen development. Science 325 1688-1692... 

Jasmonic acid has also been implicated in pollen development [13]. In these studies, a triple mutant Arabidopsis plant was created that contained only trace amounts of 18 3 and 16 3 fatty acids. When the plants were grown out, they were found to produce sterile pollen. If 18 3 was applied to the anthers of the mutant before maturity, it was found that the pollen formed was fertile. When the anthers were checked for incorporation of the applied 18 3, none was found in the anthers. A variety of LOX products were applied, and jasmonic acid was found to restore fertility in the mutant when applied to the anthers. This suggests that jasmonic acid may be synthesized in the plant and transported to the anthers to allow the anthers and pollen to mature properly. 

Flavonoids belonging to the class of flavonols have especially been shown to have strong stimulatory effects on pollen development, germination, pollen tube growth, and seed set [55], When wild-type pollen was applied on transgenic... 

Fig. 189. Unequal cell division in the first pollen mitosis of lilies and further pollen development, g = generative, v = vegetative cell. The generative cell undergoes a second mitosis to give two sperm cells or nuclei (sp) which first occurs during outgrowth of the pollen tube (from Walter 1962).

Tall oaks from little acorns grow . I have shown that grain of pollen developed first into an acorn. Then an acorn became an oak. The oak tree became a forest. Now we are beginning to see the outlines of a continent. We have been moving rapidly over that continent, scouting out the major mountain ranges, river valleys, lakes, and coasts. But it is evident that we have only scratched the... 

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