Policy agenda

Dorothy Nelkin The gene is a malleable image. It has appeal because it can be interpreted in many different ways, but at a time with cost constraints on institutions and demands for accountability, for categorisation, then biological explanations are convenient. As I mentioned when referring to the criminal justice system, they can be used to mitigate punishment or to put people up for ever - it depends on policy agendas. 

First, if, as we have seen, the problem is one of overconsumption first and cost level (including dispensing costs) second. Therefore, it should be the former and not the latter that dominates policy agendas. 

Wechsler, J. (2001). Clinical trial safety and oversight top policy agenda. Appl. Clinical Trials, January 2001, pp. 18-21. www.actmagazine.com/articles/act/act0101 jill.pdf Willman, D. (2000). Quickened pace of drug approvals by FDA taking toll. San Jose Mercury News, Dec. 28, 2000. 

Much of the ethos of community drug treatment as it has developed has been firmly grounded in harm-reduction policies. There is frequent debate as to exactly what such principles entail, and even how appropriate they are in countries at different stages of development. Those interested in the philosophy are referred to a paper by AL Ball (2007) from the department of HIV/Aids at the World Health Organization, which clearly still sees avoidance of HIV as one of the key aims of this policy agenda. A short commentary on that article succinctly sums up the areas of importance in drug service provision, as follows ... 

The essays in this book, written by scientists who have participated in or witnessed firsthand political-scientific interactions, provide descriptions of political manipulations of science and of political considerations. The essays describe excessive politicization—the misapplication or outright manipulation of the scientific record to advance policy agendas. Ultimately, actions such as those described have unintended consequences, the brunt of which are borne by everyday citizens, not those who politicize at the expense of objectivity. 

Keywords decision-making, policy agenda, energy transition, coalition, transport... 

OECD (2009) The bioeconomy to 2030 designing a policy agenda. OECD report. OECD, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-978-92-64-03853-0... 

Bakir, V. (2006) Policy agenda-setting and risk communication Greenpeace, Shell and issues of trust. Press/Politics 11(3) 67-88. 

Journalists and broadcasters are key partners in helping to shape the policy agenda for disaster preparedness and response and to disseminate key public health messages. 

As much as the financing of America s health care system is a major issue on the policy agenda of the nation, so too is the continuous question about the relationship between the costs and the outcomes of care. As costs increase, the numbers of policy analysts, organizations, and governmental agencies calling for a better definition of the cost-outcome relationship has sharply risen. 

Despite all our efforts of recent years, then, health care costs continue to increase... There is undoubtedly waste in the health care system, but no solid proposals have been advanced to recapture the 100 billion, plus or minus, that some believe can be saved. I believe that we will not reshape our national health policy agenda unless and until we achieve a broad consensus on the key issues. Do the American people, for example, desire to ensure access to health care for the entire population In that case they must agree to pick up a sizable additional tab, which they have thus far avoided. 

A management scheme, involving both scientists and policy makers, to discuss the corresponding research and policy agendas from the very beginning in order to ensure a more structured communication at all appropriate levels of policy formulation, development, implementation and review. This is hardly operational to date. 

EU and LRTAP institutions have been instrumental in keeping acid rain on the policy agenda of CEE states in the period of difficult economic transition. This international influence materialized through a number of mechanisms. Most importantly, in both EU and LRTAP institutions, the linkages between acid rain cooperation and broader foreign policy objectives for East-West cooperation have played an important role. The EU conditionality and pressure was particularly important in pushing acid rain policies forward in post-communist Europe after political attention shifted to more urgent economic problems. 

We find that linking has three distinct political implications an ambivalent effect on the international climate policy agenda, facilitating the acceptance of climate policy at the domestic level, and, third, it can work as a signalling mechanism in the context of global burden-sharing. 

OECD (2009) The Bioeconomy to 2030 Designing a Policy Agenda—Main Findings and Pohcy Conclusions. Available at http //www.oecd.org/futures/long-termtechnological societalchallenges/42837897.pdf. (last accessed 1/21/2014)... 

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