Polarography techniques

We are therefore in a position to compare Faradaic and non-Faradaic currents and at 10-5 M they are of comparable magnitude (using Cj 20/xFcm-2). However, ic decays with t1/3 whereas iF increases with t1/6. This is, of course, an important reason for the sampling of current towards the end of drop life, which is used, for example, in the pulse polarography techniques. Pulse techniques are also useful when the integral capacitance, Ci, varies with potential in these cases graphical elimination of ic can be difficult. 

Meiles, L. Polarographie Techniques. New York-London-Sydney Interscience Publ. 1965. 

It should be pointed out that in many cases the pulse polarography technique measures the potential of an irreversible process and not the actual redox potential. Nevertheless, it appears that these measurements are often useful in predicting whether an electron transfer process will take place efficiently. An attempt has been... 

L. Meites, Polarographie Techniques, 2nd ed. Wiley (Interscience), New York, 1965. 

The SMDE is based on the DME but the drop size and drop time are controlled even more precisely and it has a constant surface area, so it is often employed in pulsed polarography techniques. This results in smoother polarogram traces. Solid electrodes are used for the determination of oxidisable analytes. The most popular types are graphite, carbon paste and glassy carbon electrodes. 

Select a suitable solvent/supporting electrolyte system for the following applications using the dc polarography technique. 

See also DNA Sequencing. Enzymes Enzyme-Based Electrodes. Forensic Sciences Blood Analysis. Immunoassays, Techniques Enzyme Immunoassays. Microelectrodes. Polarography Techniques Organic Applications. Purines, Pyrimidines, and Nucleotides. Sensors Chemically Modified Electrodes. Voltammetry Organic Compounds. 

Accurate determination of elemental sulfur in petroleum and its distillates (petroleum products) is of significant industrial importance. It is being determined routinely by several techniques, for example, by the differential pulse polarography technique. The detection limit is 0.1 pg per g, but chemical treatment of the sample is needed. The wet chemical method of activated Raney nickel has been successfully employed with a detection limit of 0.1 pg per g. Also in this case preconcentration of sulfur is needed. By using the Houston Atlas sulfur analyzer in which... 

E. Palecek Polarographie Techniques in Nucleic Acid Research. in W. F. Smyth (ed.) "Electroanalysis in Hygiene, Environmental, Clinical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry," Anal. Chem. Symp. 2 (1980) 79. 

L. Meites Polarographie Techniques. 2nd ed.. Inter-.science. New York 1961. 

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