Polarography stripping analysis

Polarography has been largely replaced by voltammetry with electrode materials that do not present the toxicity hazard of mercury. Principles described for the mercury electrode apply to other electrodes. Mercury is still the electrode of choice for stripping analysis, which is the most sensitive voltammetric technique. For cleaning up mercury spills, see note 18. 

A special branch of cyclic polarography is the stripping analysis [10-13] which makes possible the determination of very small amounts of substances (subnanograms), j.e., an analysis of 10 " M solutions. The precision is lower than in cla ical polarography (here it is about 2%) and depends on the substance td be determined and on its concentration. The basis of the stripping analysis is an electrolytical accumulation from the solution of the substance to be determined on the stationary mercury electrode. This is effected either as amalgam or as film formation on the mercury electrode. In some special cases, a solid, e.g., carbon electrode. 

Heyrovsky J, Kuta J (1966) Principles of polarography. Academic Press, New York Wang J (2006) Analytical electrochemistry, 3rd edn. Wdey-VCH, Hoboken (b) Henze G, Neeb R (1986) Elektrochemische analytik. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (c) Vydra F, Stuhk K, Julakova E (1976) Electrochemical stripping analysis. John Wiley, New York (a) Sevcik A (1948) CoU Czech Chem Commun 13 349 (b) Randles JEB (1948) Trans Faraday Soc 44 327... 

Anodic stripping voltammetry, potentiometric stripping voltametry, and differential pulse polarography are used for the simultaneous determination of up to 10 analytes at extremely low concentrations (detection limits <0.01 pgl ). Electroanalytical techniques are applicable for 30 elements. Stripping analysis allows differentiation between chemical forms but is subject to interference from adsorption... 

The aim of the present work is the study of the adsorptive accumulation of surface active compounds on the electrode surface in polarographic stripping analysis, where, during the stripping pro-cess, the desorption peak is recorded using differential pulse polarography (DPP). 

After basic studies on the speciation of arsenic by polarography with the DME (see, e.g., references (52, 59)), recent methods are based on more efficient electrochemical stripping analysis with gold electrodes," " either in the disc configura-... 

Differential pulse polarography and stripping voltammetry have been applied to the analysis of trace metals in airborne particulates, incinerator fly ash, rocks. 

Miscellaneous Samples Besides environmental and clinical samples, differential pulse polarography and stripping voltammetry have been used for the analysis of trace metals in other samples, including food, steels and other alloys, gasoline, gunpowder residues, and pharmaceuticals. Voltammetry is also an important tool for... 

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