Electrochemical stripping analysis

Vydra, F., Stulik, K., Julakova, E. Electrochemical Stripping Analysis, New Yorl —London— Sydney—Toronto, Ellis Horwood Ltd. John Wiley Sons 1976... 

Nydra, F. Stulik, K. Julakova, E. in "Electrochemical Stripping Analysis" Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester, Sussex, England, 1976. 

F. Vydra, K. Stulik, and E. Julakova, Electrochemical Stripping Analysis, J. Wiley and Sons, New York, 1976. 

The present chapter reviews recent research efforts aimed at developing new devices for in situ and on-site electrochemical stripping analysis of trace metals. It is not a comprehensive review, but rather focuses on new tools for decentralized metal testing, including remotely deployed submersible stripping probes, hand-held metal analyzers coupled with disposable microfabricated strips, and newly developed green bismuth film sensors. 

Development of sensing electrodes for electrochemical stripping analysis of trace metals... 

Refs. [i] Fogg AG, Wang J (1999) Pure Appl Chem 71 891 [ii] Vy-dra F, Stulik K, Julakova E (1976) Electrochemical stripping analysis. Halsted Press, New York [Hi] Wang J (1985) Stripping analysis Principles, instrumentation, and applications. VCH, New York [iv] Lovric M (2002) Stripping voltammetry. In Scholz F (ed) Electroanalytical methods. Springer, Berlin, pp 191-210... 

York, p 53 [ii] Vydra K, Stulik K, Julakova E (1976) Electrochemical stripping analysis. Ellis Norwood, Chichester... 

As electrochemical stripping analysis has developed, new techniques have been introduced with a view to overcoming the problems of lengthy deposition times and improving sensitivity. 

For chemical monitoring, a list of priority substances has been established that includes metals such as cadmium, lead, and nickel. As far as metals are concerned, voltammetric techniques and more precisely electrochemical stripping analysis has long been recognized as a powerful technique in environmental samples. In particular, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) coupled with screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is a great simplification in the design and operation of on site heavy metal determination in water, for reasons of cost, simplicity, speed, sensitivity, portability and simultaneous multi-analyte capabilities. The wide applications in the field for heavy metal detection were extensively reviewed (Honeychurch and Hart, 2003 Palchetti et al., 2005). 

Sbai M., Essis-Tome H., Gombert U., Breton T., and Pontie M., Electrochemical stripping analysis of methyl-parathion (MPT) using carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFME) modified with combinations of poly-NiTSPc and Nafion films. Sens. Actuators B, 124(2), 368-375, 2007. 

StreuU, C.A. Titrimetry acid-base titrations in non-aqueous solvents. In Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part / Kolthoff, I.M., Elving, P.J., Eds. Wiley-Interscience New York, 1975 Vol. II. Vydra, F. Stulik, K. Julakova, E. Electrochemical Stripping Analysis, Ellis Norwood, 1976. Wang, J. Stripping Analysis, VCH Publishers, Inc. Deerfield Beach, FL, 1985. 

Figure 8.7 Captured PbS and CdS quantum dots attached to aptamer-bound proteins are dissolved and detected by electrochemical stripping analysis. The position and size of the corresponding metal peaks (cadmium and lead) reflect the identity of a concentration of the corresponding protein. [From Hansen et al. (2006).]...

Heyrovsky J, Kuta J (1966) Principles of polarography. Academic Press, New York Wang J (2006) Analytical electrochemistry, 3rd edn. Wdey-VCH, Hoboken (b) Henze G, Neeb R (1986) Elektrochemische analytik. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (c) Vydra F, Stuhk K, Julakova E (1976) Electrochemical stripping analysis. John Wiley, New York (a) Sevcik A (1948) CoU Czech Chem Commun 13 349 (b) Randles JEB (1948) Trans Faraday Soc 44 327... 

Electrochemical stripping analysis is carried out in a conventional ( beaker-type ) three-electrode cell (of 5-50-ml volume). The three electrodes, as well as the tube used for bubbling the deoxygenating gas, are supported in five holes in the cell cover. Various microceUs with 20 to 500 pi volumes can be used when the sample volume is limited. Particularly attractive are thin-layer cells in which the entire sample is confined within a thin layer (of less than 10-pm thickness) at the electrode surface [6]. Smaller sample volumes can be accommodated in connection with ultramicroelectrodes and advanced microfabrication processes. The latter result in planar strips that can be considered as disposable electrochemical cells onto which sample droplets are placed. 

Figure 5 The Principle of electrochemical immunosensing ofparaoxon-AChE (A) Zr02 nanoparticle modified SPE (B) selective capturingparaoxon-AChE adducts (C) immunoreaction between bound paraoxon-AChE adducts and QD-labeled anti-AChE antibody (D) dissolution of nanoparticle with acidfollowing an electrochemical stripping analysis.

Vydra, R Stnhk, K. Jnlakova, E. Electrochemical Stripping Analysis. EUis Horwood, Chichester, U.K., 1976. 

Stoces, M. and Svancara, I. (2013) Bismuth-trifluoride modified carbon paste electrode for electrochemical stripping analysis of heavy metals. Int. 

---