Polarography Kalousek

Polarography with superimposed AC signal. As examples of chemical analytical importance we shall consider (a) sinusoidal AC, (b) AC bridge, (c) square-wave and (d) Kalousek polarography. 

Tensammetry, although originally a sinusoidal ac polarography, is not limited to that technique, but has been applied also to the Kalousek-type wave form45 and to square waves46 ... 

Fig. 3.50. Kalousek polarography on an incrementally growing potential background, (a) K3, (b) K4.

Kalousek polarography (PK), AGOl, AH25, ALA5, ALk6, AL99, AR5U... 

Kalvoda has reviewed different electrochemical methods suppression of polarographic maxima, eletrocapillary measurements, Kalousek commutator technique, differential pulse polarography and tensammetric methods for the determination of oily substances in various types of waters. These compounds are neither reducible nor oxidizable but are surface active. The study of oil fractions has shown that the Kalousek technique responds only to higher levels of dissolved petroleum fractions (0.02 to 100 mg/1) found only in pollution sources such as harbors and refinery effluents.Recent results indicate that the water pollution with petroleum can be determined by differential pulse tensammetry. Good calibration graphs were obtained with Diesel oil at a concentration from 30-50 /xg to 0.5 mg/1 and with Saratov petroleum from 0.1-0.2 to 3.3 mg/1. ... 

In Charles University until 1950 prevailed research in polarography, inspired among others by M. Kalousek (1915-1995) (Fig. 3.1.5). After part of the electrochemists from the university went over to the Academy institutes at the beginning of the 1950s, the subject of research turned to biological molecules like proteins, studied mainly by V. Kalous and his coworkers. Their results were published usually in Chemicke Listy and in Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications. The method most often applied remained polarography [32], partly in connection with conductometry [33] and electrophoresis [34-38]. 

---