Filters polarization

In contrast to spectrophotometry, hght-scattering experiments are generally conducted at constant wavelength. Mercury vapor lamps are the most widely used light sources, since the strong lines at 436 and 546 nm are readily isolated by filters to allow monochromatic illumination. Polarizing filters are also included for both the incident and scattered beams so that depolarization can... 

In order to summarize this section it must be noted that the possibility to evaporate conjugated oligomers in such a way that their chain axes point predominantly in one direction allows us to determine the anisotropic electronic properties of conjugated molecules. From these studies it becomes evident that in order to obtain polarized absorption or emission of light as required in polarization Filters or LCD-backlights, the application of conjugated molecules is one of the most attractive areas of application for these materials. 

Plastics are suitable for most optical applications that utilize transparent materials, including color carriers. Color filters have all types of standard transmission characteristics that can be made and, because of the uniqueness of the plastic structure, a large number of dichroic and trichroic materials are possible that have different colors when viewed from different angles. One application for this is in polarizing filters. 

The constructive and destructive interference creates the well known colorful patterns seen when stressed plastic are placed between two polarized filters. Some information about the stress gradients comes from observations of the patterns that provide qualitative analysis. The index of refraction in these directions is different and the difference (or birefringence) is proportional to the stress level. 

An optical microscope photograph taken at 200 X magnification using polarizing filters is shown in Fig. 21. The spherulites show a characteristic Maltese cross pattern produced by the interaction of the polarized light with the... 

The need for improved sensor performance has led to the emergence of micro and nanofluidics. These fields seek to develop miniaturized analysis systems that combine the desired attributes in a compact and cost-effective setting. These platforms are commonly labeled as labs-on-chip or micro total analysis systems (pTAS)2, often using optical methods to realize a desired functionality. The preeminent role that optics play has recently led to the notion of optofluidics as an independent field that deals with devices and methods in which optics and fluidics enable each other3. Most of the initial lab-on-chip advances, however, occurred in the area of fluidics, while the optical components continued to consist largely of bulk components such as polarizers, filters, lenses, and objectives. 

OPHTHALMOSCOPE 25 VOLT COMPACT W/HALOGEN LIGHTS POLARIZED FILTER 6540014587337 EA 133.50 ... 

Polarizing filter (analyzer), 24 675 Polarizer filter dichroic dyes, 9 340 Polar monomers, polymerization of, 26 113-114... 

Figure 13.5 Schematic diagram of a polar nephelometer for measuring angular scattering. FI and F2 are possible polarizing filters.

Two characteristics of the light from noctilucent clouds may be observed with no more than one s eyes and a polarizing filter its color and whether or not it is strongly polarized. This enabled Ludlum (1957) to estimate the size range of noctilucent cloud particles. Because of the observed strong polarization he set 0.16 jum as their upper size limit on the basis of the observed color—white, silvery, sometimes bluish, but not sufficiently so as to indicate very small particles—he set 0.008 jam as their lower size limit. From other than optical evidence he also concluded that the particles were not ice, but were more likely to be volcanic, meteoric, or interplanetary dust. 

Fig. 17.1. Drafts of two distinct protocols for performing Raman spectroscopic analyses using rotating jigs on (a) femoral heads and (b) acetabular cups. In inset, illustrative schemes of measurements using polarization filters and confocal probe...

Deguzman, P. C. Nordin, G. P. Stacked subwavelength gratings as circular polarization filters. Appl. Opt. 40, 5731-5737 (2001). 

Scattered light collected by the FI.5 lens (f = 30 cm) is relayed to the photomultiplier tube via 1 mm slits, a 1 nm bandwidth interference filter and a polarization filter, to reduce background from flame luminescence. The PDP-11/34 computer instructs the A/D convertor to make a conversion every 100 vsec. The resulting digital data are stored sequentially in core memory. The memory is saturated at 16,000 temperature measurements, at which time the data are transferred to a hard disk memory. The data in this transfer constitute one time... 

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