SEARCH Articles Figures Tables Alkenes polar substituents, effect Alkyl substituents polar effect Effect of Substituents and Polarity Effects of a Polar Substituent and Heteroatoms in the Ring Electronic Effects of Substituents in Polar Reactions Palladium polar effect, substituents Polar effect Polar effect of remote substituents Polar substituent Polar substituents Polarity, effect Polarization direction substituent effect Polarization effects Topic 2.4. Polar Substituent Effects in Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds